section 7

The Bent Cross Crucifix versus the Traditional Crucifix

Please notice the Crucifix that Pope John Paul II is holding up to the people. Study it closely, and you will realize that it is not a Traditional Crucifix, as we show below. Rather, this Crucifix is known as a "Bent Cross". But, what does that mean? For the answer to that question, let us turn to a Roman Catholic author, Piers Compton, writing in his book, "The Broken Cross: Hidden Hand In the Vatican", Channel Islands, Neville Spearman, 1981.

This Bent Crucifix is "... a sinister symbol, used by Satanists in the sixth century, that had been revived at the time of Vatican Two. This was a bent or broken cross, on which was displayed a repulsive and distorted figure of Christ, which the black magicians and sorcerers of the Middle Ages had made use of to represent the Biblical term 'Mark of the Beast'. Yet, not only Paul VI, but his successors, the two John-Pauls, carried that object and held it up to be revered by crowds, who had not the slightest idea that it stood for anti-Christ." (p. 72) On page 56 Compton prints a picture of the current Pope, John Paul II, holding this bent or broken cross, just as we have shown, at left.

Therefore, Pope John Paul II is telling all the occultists the world over that he is not a Traditional Pope, but a Pope that is committed to carrying out the role of World Religious Leader as called for in the New World Order Plan. Another Roman Catholic author, Malachi Martin, makes this same claim - that Pope John Paul II is committed to the New World Order Plan in his book, "The Keys To This Blood".

Since a picture is worth a thousand words, we have printed the Traditional Crucifix. As you can see, the cross here is not bent in any way, top or bottom. Further, the picture of Jesus Christ is a full figure without any kind of distortion or disfiguration! The Traditional Roman Catholic Crucifix is very, very different from the "Bent Cross", above.

We Protestants have always objected to the Traditional Crucifix, because it holds Jesus Christ up to continual shame, which is forbidden in Hebrews 6:6. Indeed, this is the basis upon which we Protestants object to the entire Mass, but that is the subject of another article.

As you can see, the Crucifix, which Pope John Paul II is holding up to adoring crowds is not the Traditional Crucifix, but is the Satanic Bent, or Broken, Cross! This Bent Crucifix was created by Satanists to depict Antichrist and his Mark of the Beast! Very soon, you will see the appearance of a global leader, calling himself The Christ, who will claim to be Jesus Christ returned, the Jewish Messiah, and the Avatar figure for which all the major religions are awaiting, all in one man. This will be Antichrist. Then, very quickly thereafter, a global religious leader will step forward to aid the Antichrist; this religious leader will possess the same miraculous power of Antichrist. At this moment, the prophecy of Revelation 13:11-14 will be fulfilled; this global religious leader will be the Biblical False Prophet.

The New World Order Plan calls for this global religious leader [False Prophet] to be the Roman Catholic Pope, and certainly, John Paul II's use of this Satanic Bent Cross is consistent with this part of the Plan. But, if it is Pope John Paul II who steps forth to aid The Christ [Antichrist], you will know the truth about this Pope and his entire Roman Catholic Church.

You have been forewarned. A picture is worth a thousand words.

Above is a Roman coin from the 3rd century A.D. which on the reverse depicts the pagan sun god driving a chariot drawn by four horse. The inscription reads SOLI INVICTO - The Invincible Sun.

a pagan sun wheel in the temple at Kararak India, which is associated with occultism and astrology. It resembles a chariot wheel doesn't it?

Designed by Robert Mills (b. Charleston, S.C., Aug. 12, 1781, d. Mar. 3, 1855) in 1838, to follow the form of an Egyptian obelisk, it rises more than 168 m (550 ft) above the city and is the largest masonry structure in the world.

Mills achieved national prominence after being appointed (1836) architect and engineer to the federal government, in which capacity he designed this monument to the first president of the United States, George Washington.

The actual construction of the monument began in 1848 and was not completed until 1884, almost 30 years after the architect's death, due to lack of funds and the intervention of the Civil War. A difference in shading of the marble (visible approximately 150 feet up) clearly deliniates the initial construction from its resumption in 1876. It is generally considered fortunate that the Greek Doric rotunda Mills planned for the base of the monument was never built.

Picture attached

by Erol Torun

The following article is the result of work done in 1988 and 1989 concerning an enigmatic landform located in the Cydonia Mensae region of Mars. The object pictured here is five-sided, pyramidal, and located a few miles from the Face on Mars. Like the

Evaluation
The reconstructed geometry of the D&M Pyramid shows a five-sided object having facets with differing angles. The object has bilateral symmetry, with a pair of congruent angles forming the front, and another pair of congruent angles forming the sides. In the illustration below, the arrow points along the axis of bilateral symmetry.

The D&M Pyramid appears to be positioned with architectural alignment to other enigmatic objects nearby that have also been studied as possibly artificial. The main axis of the D&M as illustrated above points at the Face in Cydonia. Henceforth we will refer to this direction as the "front" of the pyramid

The front of the D&M Pyramid has three edges, spaced 60 degrees apart. As noted above, the center axis points to the Face. The edge on the left of this axis points toward the center of a feature that has been nicknamed the "City" by the Cydonia investigators. The edge on the right of the center axis points toward the apex of a dome-like structure known as the "Tholus".

The five-sidedness, bilateral symmetry, and primary alignments were first observed by Richard Hoagland after studying quality digital enlargements prepared in 1984 by SRI International from negatives of images processed by DiPietro and Molenaar. These events are documented in detail by Hoagland and Pozos

Turning back to the reconstructed geometry, we will now consider the internal symmetries of this object.

The D&M Pyramid displays a complex interplay between five-fold and six-fold symmetry. Both symmetries are present simultaneously, with the front of the pyramid exhibiting six-fold symmetry, and the "ground level" of the pyramid yielding a 36 degree angle that is characteristic of five-fold symmetry.

It is worth noting that the practice of combining symmetries was widely practiced by the architects of antiquity. It was believed that geometry and certain mathematical relationships were crucial building blocks of the Cosmos, and that architecture should reflect these symmetries. These practices were later revived in the Islamic world and especially in Renaissance Europe.

Does this pentagram look familiar?

The earliest known use of the pentagram dates back to around the Uruk period around 3500BC at Ur of the Chaldees in Ancient Mesopotamia where it was found on potsherds together with other signs of the period associated with the earliest known developments of written language. In later periods of Mesopotamian art, the pentagram was used in royal inscriptions and was symbolic of imperial power extending out to "the four corners of the world". Amongst the Hebrews, the symbol was ascribed to Truth and to the five books of the Pentateuch. It is sometimes, incorrectly, called the Seal of Solomon though it's usage was in parallel with the hexagram. In Ancient Greece, it was called the Pentalpha, being geometrically composed of five A's. Unlike earlier civilisations, the Greeks did not generally attribute other symbolic meanings to the letters of their alphabet, but certain symbols became connected with Greek letter shapes or positions (eg Gammadion, Alpha-Omega). The geometry of the pentagram and it's metaphysical associations were explored by the Pythagoreans (after Pythagoras 586-506BC) who considered it an emblem of perfection. Together with other discovered knowledge of geometric figures and proportion, it passed down into post-Hellenic art where the golden proportion may be seen in the designs of some temples.

Pythagoras was known to have travelled all over the ancient world from the mysteries into which he was initiated, and it seems likely that his travels took him to Egypt, to Chaldea and to lands around the Indus. There may be a connection here with the presence of the pentagram in Tantrik art .

To the Gnostics, the pentagram was the 'Blazing Star' and, like the crescent moon was a symbol relating to the magic and nystery of the nightimes sky. For the Druids, it was a symbol of Godhead. In Egypt, it was a symbol of the 'underground womb' and bore a symbolic relationship to the concept of the pyramid form.. The Pagan Celts ascribed the pentagram to the underground goddess Morrigan.

Early Christians attributed the pentagram to the Five Wounds of Christ and from then until medieval times, it was a lesser-used Christian symbol. Prior to the time of the Inquisition, there were no 'evil' associations to the pentagram. Rather it's form implied Truth, religious mysticism and the work of The Creator.

The Emperor Constantine I who, after gaining the help of the Christian church in his military and religious takeover of the Roman Empire in 312 AD, used the pentagram, together with the chi-rho symbol (a symbolic form of cross) in his seal and amulet.

 

• However, it was the cross (a symbol of suffering) rather than the pentagram (a symbol of truth) that was used as a symbol by the Church which subsequently came to power and who's 'manifest destiny' was to usurp the supreme power of the Roman Empire, using as an instrument a forged document - 'The Donation of Constantine'

   

• The annual church feast of Epiphany, celebrating the visit of the three Magi to the infant Jesus as well as the Church's mission to bring 'truth' to the Gentiles had as it's symbol the pentagram, (although in present times the symbol has been changed to a five-pointed star in reaction to the neo-pagan use of the pentagram).

In the legend of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the pentagram was Sir Gawain's glyph, inscribed in gold on his shield, symbolising the five knightly virtues - generosity, courtesy, chastity, chivalry and piety.

In Medieval times, the 'Endless Knot' was a symbol of Truth and was a protection against demons. It was used as an amulet of personal protection and to guard windows and doors. The pentagram with one point upwards symbolised summer; with two points upwards, it was a sign for winter.

The Knights Templar, a military order of monks formed during the Crusades. gained great wealth and prominence from the donations of those who joined the order and from treasures looted from the Holy Land.

 

• The centre of the Templar order around Rennes du Chatres in France is noteworthy for the almost perfect natural pentangle of mountains spanning several miles around it. There is good evidence of the creation of other exact geomantic alignments and pentagrams as well as a hexagram in the area, centred on this natural pentagram, in the location of numerous chapels and shrines.
  It is clear from remaining traces of Templar architecture that architects and masons associated with the powerful order were well aware of the geometry of the pentangle and the golden proportion and incorporated that mysticism in their design.

   

• Alas, the whole Templar order fell victim to the avarice of the Church and of religious-fanatic Louis IX of France in 1303 and the black times of the Inquisition, of torture and false-witness, of purging and burning, began, spreading like a slow-motion replay of the Black Death, across Europe.

During the long period of the Inquisition, there was much promulgation of lies and accusations in the 'interests' of orthodoxy and elimination of heresy. The Church lapsed into a long period of the very diabolism it sought to oppose. The pentagram was seen to symbolise a Goat's Head or the Devil in the form of Baphomet and it was Baphomet whom the Inquisition accused the Templars of worshipping.

 

• Around this time also, poisoning as a means of murder came into prominence. Potent herbs and drugs brought back from the East during the Crusades had entered the pharmacopeia s of the healers - the wise - the witches. Prominent deaths by poisoning caused the Dominicans of the Inquisition to move their attention from the christian heretics to the pagan witches, to those who only paid lip-service to Christianity but still followed an Old Religion and to the wise-ones amongst them who knew about drugs and poisons.

In the purge on witches, other horned gods such as Pan became equated with the Devil (a Christian concept) and the pentagram - the folk-symbol of security - for the first time in history - was equated with 'evil' and was called the Witch's Foot.

The Old Religion and it's symbols went underground, in fear of the Church's persecution, and there it stayed, gradually withering, for centuries.

Part 2 - After the Inquisition.

In the foundation of Hermeticism , in hidden societies of craftsmen and scholarly men, away from the eyes of the Church and it's paranoia, the proto-science of alchemy developed along with it's occult philosophy and cryptical symbolism. Graphical and geometric symbolism became very important and the period of the Renaissance emerged.

The concept of the microcosmic world of Man as analogous to the macrocosm, the greater univese of spirit and elemental matter became a part of traditional western occult teaching, as it had long been in eastern philosophies." As above, so below" The pentagram, the 'Star of the Microcosm', symbolised Man within the microscosm, representing in analogy the Macrocosmic universe.

The upright pentagram bears some resemblance to the shape of man with his legs and arms outstretched. In Tycho Brahe's Calendarium Naturale Magicum Perpetuum (1582)occurs a pentagram with human body imposed and the Hebrew for YHSVH associated with the elements. An illustration attributed to Brae's contemporary Agrippa (Henry Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim)is of similar proportion and shows the five planets and the moon at the centre point - the genitalia. Other illustrations of the period by Robert Fludd and Leonardo da Vinci show geometric relationships of man to the universe.

Later, the pentagram came to be symbolic of the relationship of the head to the four limbs and hence of the pure concentrated essence of anything (or the spirit) to the four traditional elements of matter - earth, water, air and fire - spirit is The Quintessence.

 

• In Freemasonry, Man as Microprosopus was and is associated with the five-pointed Pentalpha. The symbol was used, interlaced and upright for the sitting Master of the Lodge. The geometric properties and structure of the Endless Knot were appreciated and symbolically incorporated into the 72 degree angle of the compasses - the masonic emblem of virtue and duty

   

• The origins of freemasonry are lost in the depths of history, obscured by the traditional 'craft'-secrecy of the order, but there are signs throughout history of the associations of craftsmanship and ritual and symbolism that have remained known only to a few, and the history of the pentagram has remained occluded in the same kind of mystery.

   

• The womens' branch of freemasonry uses the five pointed 'Eastern Star' as its emblem. Each point commemorates a heroine of biblical lore.

No known graphical illustration associating the pentagram with evil appears until the nineteenth century. Eliphaz Levi Zahed (actually the pen name of Alphonse Louis Constant, a defrocked French Catholic abbé) illustrates the upright pentagram of microcosmic man beside an inverted pentagram with the goat's head of Baphomet. It is this illustration and juxtaposition that has led to the concept of different orientations of the pentagram being 'good' and 'evil'.

 

• Against the rationalism of the 18th century came a reaction in the 19th century with the growth of a new mysticism owing much to the Holy Kabbalah, the ancient oral tradition of Judaism relating the cosmogony of God and the universe and the moral and occult truths of their relationship to Man. It is not so much a religion as a system of understanding based upon symbolism and the numerical and alphabetical interrelationships of words and concepts - the Gematria.

   

• Eliphas Levi was a profound expositor of the Kabbalah and was instrumental in opening the way for the rise of the Victorian lodges of western mystery tradition - the Order Temporale Orientalis (O.T.O.), the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (G.D.), the Theosophical Society, the Rosicrucians (Fellowship of the Rosy Cross), and several others, even the modern lodges and traditions of speculative freemasonry.

   

• Levi was also instrumental in taking the tarot from being a gipsy fortune-telling device to a powerful set of symbolic images relating closely to the Kabbalah (or as it is now called in the west, to distinguish it 's development from the original Judaic form - Qabalah). It was Levi who designed upon the form of the pentagram such associative inscriptions as in the Pentacle of the Tetragrammaton and he who renamed the suit of 'coins' as 'pentacles' .

The workings of ritual magick in the orders took the symbolism of the pentagram and it's elemental attributes, along with those of the hexagram and incorporated them as ritual flourishing or signing of the athame (ritual knife) to symbolise invoking or banishing in respect to elemental associations.

The Golden Dawn did much to advance and dissemeinate the roots of modern hermetic Qabalah around the world in its time of strength (from 1888 to around the start of the First World War), and through the writings and work of a number of its adepts and adherents, notably Aleister Crowley, have come some of the most important ideas of today's Qabalist philosophy and magick.

Aleister Crowley also had association with the remaining traces of the old pre-Reformation 'hereditary' witches, notably through Old George Pickingill and with Gerald Gardner, generally considered the founder of modern witchcraft.

In the 1940's Gerald Gardner adopted the pentagram with two points upward as the sigil of second degree initiation in the newly emergent, neo-pagan rituals of witchcraft, later to become known as Wicca. The one-point upward pentagram together with the upright triangle symbolised third degree initiation. (A point downwards triangle is the symbol of First Degree Initiates)

The pentagram was also inscribed on the altar pentacle, it's points symbolising the three aspects of the Goddess plus the two aspects of the God in a special form of Gardnerian Pentacle

.

 

• The writings of Gerald Gardner, an initiate of old Dorothy Clutterbuck, and of his associate Doreen Valiente, brought the long-withered stem of witchcraft - the Old Religion - out into bloom once more, after centuries of occlusion, with the caution that the general misrepresentation of it's former nature had made wise, and the new religion of Wicca was born.

   

• It was not until the late 1960's that the pentagram again became an amuletic symbol to be worn. Co-incidentally with the rise of popular interest in witchcraft and Wicca and the publication of many books (including several novels) on the subject, there was a reaction to the Church.

In it's extreme, one aspect of that reaction was in the establishment of the satanic cult - The Church of Satan - by Anton LaVay. For it's emblem, this cult adopted the inverted pentagram after the Baphomet image of Eliphas Levi. The reaction of the Christian church was to condemn as 'evil' all who took the pentalpha as a symbol and even to condemn the symbol itself, much as had been the post-war attitude to the swastika.

The distinction between the point-upwards and point-downwards pentagram forms became accentuated in the minds of pagans and led to the concepts of 'white'-witchcraft and 'black'. Those who took on board the strong personal ethical code of wicca - the Wiccan Rede of "An it harm none, do what you will" did not wish to be tarred with the same brush as the satanists who's philosophy is one of the domination of the spirit by the physical body - the priority of matter and physical existence.

Hence, despite the use and the different meaning of the inverted pentagram as a symbol of Gardnerian initiation, other wiccans, notably in the USA where the fundamentalist christians are particularly aggressive to those who do not share their beliefs, are against any usage of the symbol. It is sad to say that even the use of the 'upright' pentagram gives rise to social discrimination against pagans in some communities.

Otherwise, the pentagram or pentacle has become firmly established as a common neo-pagan and wiccan symbol, acquiring many aspects of mystique and associations that are today often considered to be ancient folk-lore !

 

 

 

The first (beast) was like a lion, and it had the wings of an eagle, I watched until it's wings were torn off, and it was lifted from the ground so that it stood on two feet like a man, and a heart of man was given to it.

This satellite is an exact replica of the Jewish symbol of the Menorah?

Is the following picture NASA'S Space Menorah?

Are we waiting on someone? Or are we trying to stop some one from getting here in the clouds with great glory?

 

• Nasa's website has 1162 documents on pyramids?

   

• 17 articles on Horus?

   

• 1,051 articles of the goddess Isis?

   

• 61 articles of Osiris?

   

• 401 articles of the Pope?

   

• 16 articles of Alexander the Great?

   

• 24 Hitler?

   

• 16 of Lucifer?

Was 'Venus' named Lucifer after the Devil, or was the Devil named after Venus?

From what I can tell, Lucifer is the ancient Greek name of Venus the Morning Star, but I know nothing about the history of when it was first used in translations of the Bible to refer to Satan. It seems that the Greeks were using it, together with Persephone, to identify Venus long before the name was used to represent Satan. It is an unfortunate choice because Lucifer literally means 'filled with light' which is hardly a moniker for Satan. You will find after careful observation that Isaiah’s reference of Lucifer clearly represented the false Christ at the last days. The son of perdition. The Satan spirit trinity filled man, the false Christ.

Why does our government back millions of dollars for alien detection?

Or could they possibly be determined to stop the Living God, The Messiah, Jesus Christ, from arriving in clouds of glory?

It is ironic that NASA has sent into deep space a dust collector. Attached to this is a capsule that according to the NASA web-site has two microchips. Please keep in mind the importance of the microchip. These microchips are imbedded with micron etchings of thousands of actual human names and pictures. Of these pictures one is the official patch of the Stardust Program. What is the logo? But, of course none other than a pyramid with a flashing light of a comet in the center? You figure?

Would they request that the people who's names are on this microchip to eventually have a matching microchip?

In all reality, does these people already sport a microchip with the mark? The mark of the pyramid of Osiris and Horus the Torch bearer?

Why is this experiment aimed at Osiris RA (Sun)?

Are these people's names a scrificial offering to the gods of the astrologers?

The gods of the fallen angels?

The gods of the Babylonians?

The gods of the Jewish leaders who are of the synagogue of Satan?

The gods of the New One World Religion?

More than one million people have signed up to have their names electronically engraved on the second of two microchips that will fly aboard NASA's Stardust spacecraft. Stardust is scheduled for launch on a round-trip journey to a comet next February.

The one-millionth signature was received Wednesday, August 6, at 5:49 p.m. Pacific Daylight Time. The first microchip, which contained 136,000 names collected last fall, has already been installed on the spacecraft, which is being assembled at Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, CO. The "Send Your Name to a Comet" effort is being coordinated by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the National Space Society.

Names may be submitted only electronically, either on the Stardust web site at http://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov or the National Space Society website at http://www.nss.org/impact . Deadline is August 15, 1998. Those submitting their names are granting permission for the Stardust project and its partners to use the names submitted in possible future exhibits and/or publications.

Stardust will fly within about 160 kilometers (100 miles) of the nucleus of the comet Wild 2 (pronounced vilt-2). It will capture a sample of comet dust for return to Earth in 2006, and collect nearly 100 high-resolution pictures of the comet's surface. The mission, managed by JPL for NASA's Office of Space Science, is a collaborative partnership between the University of Washington, Lockheed Martin Astronautics and JPL/Caltech. Stardust was selected under NASA's Discovery program of low-cost solar system projects. The California Institute of Technology manages JPL for NASA.

Why is David Rockefeller the ranking minority democratic which is listed in NASA'S web-site over 102 times. In these documents Mr. Rockefeller is involved with the most incredible technology information know to man. Is Mr. Rockefeller this super intelligent? Or is his involvement representative of a larger plan?

NASA Pyramid complete with flaming eye of Horus

Club Teams

With the demise of the Clinch River Liquid-Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) project in the closing days of 1982, the American community of nuclear engineers specializing in exotic high-temperature reactors was confronted with the prospective absence of a major project to captivate its attention for the first time in nearly three decades. The end of continuous procession from nuclear aircraft through nuclear rockets to breeder reactors was in sight. Although low-level studies of space power systems had continued through the 1970s, no major development projects were in progress at the time of Clinch River's demise.

However, the end of the Clinch River project was not entirely unanticipated, and efforts were already under way to resuscitate the space nuclear power program that had been terminated in 1972-73. The immediate focus of these efforts was the SP-100, a 100 kWe space nuclear reactor, which became the centerpiece of a joint program of NASA and the Energy and Defense Departments.A liquid metal reactor like Clinch River, the SP-100 substituted lithium for sodium as the primary reactor coolant, reviving many of the concepts previously studied in the SNAP-50 and SPUR projects.

The demise of Clinch River and the renaissance of the SP-100 also occasioned a broad-ranging review of the status of space nuclear power systems at a conference sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences in November 1982. Although this symposium identified a number of reactor concepts that could support power requirements significantly in excess of those associated with the SP-100, such requirements were not in evidence at that time.

A report prepared by a National Research Council panel, based on this conference, concluded the future of space nuclear power was clouded by the fact that:

"... firm requirements do not exist and that one should not expect to discover such requirements as a result of this study... users should recognize that the desired capability will not be forthcoming unless they are more supportive of these initial research and development efforts...

"The important point to remember about space nuclear power is that the time scale for the development is long, 7 - 10 years or perhaps longer for systems in the 100-kW(e) range and more than ten years for higher-powered systems. This time scale is comparable to or longer than the time scale on which requirements may emerge. If begun today, there is the time to carry out a responsible technology program; if delayed, subsequent development efforts may well prove more costly and hurried, with a resulting adverse effect on quality and public acceptability.

"Alternatively, future space programs may be constrained to available nonnuclear power sources, with consequent penalties in mission performance and cost. The benefits of avoiding these penalties could far exceed the costs of the carefully paced research and development program the Committee recommends."

This situation soon changed with the announcement by President Reagan on 23 March 1983 of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). The early version of the SDI program envisioned nearly perfect defenses against very large missile attacks, which would require highly-capable space-based intercept systems. Many of the weapons concepts required very large electrical power levels, and space nuclear reactors were a leading candidate to meet these requirements.

Thus was born the SDIO's Multi-Megawatt (MMW) space power program, which flourished through the end of the decade.

The application of nuclear power systems to the strategic defense was predicated on a number of assumptions which were increasingly subject to question as the program matured:

+ Although some space-based directed and kinetic energy weapons concepts incorporated significant electrical power requirements, other equally attractive space-based directed and kinetic energy weapons concepts did not.

+ While nuclear power sources were capable of being used in conjunction with closed-cycle conversion systems, the large radiators these systems required made open-cycle chemical power systems a more attractive option for electrical power generation (as long as it was assumed that the effluents from open cycle systems would not significantly impact payload operations).

+ It was originally assumed that the goal of the SDI program was a highly robust and extremely (virtually perfect) defense against a large threat, which required very competent weapons systems. As the goals of the program progressively evolved toward more modest ambitions, the requirements for highly capable weapons diminished. Thus the initial focus on space-based directed energy weapons gradually shifted toward interest in ground-based kinetic energy weapons.

Thus the initial enthusiasm for space nuclear power sources was rapidly tempered by uncertain requirements, and the broad range of more attractive competing technical approaches. The MMW program finally succumbed to the same forces that undermined Reagan's initial vision of SDI.

Although the MMW program was ultimately unproductive, it made several lasting contributions to the development of space nuclear power:

The MMW program provided the first opportunity in nearly 15 years to review the status of high-power compact nuclear reactors, reviving interest in concepts that had long lain dormant.

The MMW program established the basis for subsequent work on space nuclear propulsion for the Space Exploration Initiative, which was announced simultaneously with the demise of plans for deployment of large-scale anti-missile systems.

The MMW program was a major factor in the genesis of the Timberwind particle bed reactor system, which was the one major hardware development conducted under the MMW effort.

Indeed, the difficulties faced by proponents of the particle bed reactor in gaining funding support under the MMW program in the face of competition from the more firmly established proponents of the NERVA reactor, not to mention all the previously discussed hurdles faced by the Multimegawatt program more generally, may have contributed to the decision to establish Timberwind as a special access program. This high level of classification provided a measure of insulation for Timberwind from outside examination and criticism. It is probably not coincidental that the Timberwind special access program was established within months of the release of a draft report reviewing the MMW program which was highly critical of the particle-bed reactor concept.

While the full details remain shrouded in secrecy, there is at least some circumstantial evidence that the SDI Multi-Megawatt power program provided both the general impetus for the Timberwind program, as well as influencing the particular decision to conduct this program at a Special Access Required level of classification.

During most of the 1980s the SDIO's Multi-Megawatt Space Nuclear Power Program was the major focus for work on the high power open and closed cycle reactor concepts. The work on nuclear power systems conducted by the Energy Department under this program was complemented by Air Force investigations of non-nuclear power concepts.

The initial focus of the Multimegawatt program was:

"to identify and develop at least one space nuclear power system concept by 1991 that alone, or in combination with a non-nuclear power system, meets SDI MMW power requirements, and for which technical feasibility issues have been resolved."

Initiated in October 1985, the Program planned a two year Concept Definition phase, leading to a Phase I selection of two or three reactor concepts for more intensive study by October 1987. These Phase I activities included resolution of out-of-reactor fuel compatibility issues, demonstration of fabrication of geometry-specific fuel elements, and evaluation of irradiation tests. This work was to form the basis for Phase II of the Program, selection of a single concept for hardware development, initially slated for October 1991.

SDI power requirements consisted of three different modes (Figure II-1):

Housekeeping (Continuous) Mode, to provide support for operations of space based SDI sensors and weapons platform support systems, including communications and stationkeeping. These would have power requirements that would range from a few kilowatts to a few tens of kilowatts, with requirements for hundreds of kilowatts for large cryogenic infrared sensor systems for up to a decade. These requirements were initially established as extending from hundreds of kilowatts up to a few megawatts for up to seven years.

Alert Mode operations would commence in response to indications and warnings of impending combat operations. Along with peacetime testing requirements, alert mode power levels would have to be maintained for periods of up to one year. Alert mode power levels could range from 100 kWe to 10 MWe, although initial estimates suggested that Alert Mode power levels could range up to 20 megawatts over this period. Prior to May 1986, the Alert mode power was required to be supplied over the entire seven to ten year life of the spacecraft.

Burst Mode operations would extend for hundreds or a few thousand seconds, with tens to thousands of megawatts of electrical power being required to support space-based directed and kinetic energy weapons, and associated fire control systems. Initial estimates for burst mode power requirements ranged from 100 to 1000 MWe for 200 to 2000 seconds.

Definition of Housekeeping Mode requirements were the most firmly established of these three modes, with the primary uncertainty relating to potentially high power needs of large cryogenic infrared sensor systems.

As for Alert Mode requirements, one analysis noted:

"... among the three SDI power modes, the alert-mode requirement is the least clearly defined. The total duration of power needs while in an alert status or during periodic testing might even be a year or more. The power level and duration required for the SDI alert mode appear to depend on a postulated operational cycle that is not easily defined, and may also include power for periodic status-checking."

Burst mode power requirements are driven by the needs of space-based directed and kinetic energy weapons, including excimer and free-electron lasers, neutral particle beam weapons, and space-based electromagnetic launchers. According to one study:

"The choice between chemical and nuclear space power systems depends in large part on the total duration during which power must be provided. On the basis of mass-effectiveness, large durations favor the nuclear reactor space power systems and short durations favor chemical power systems if their effluents can be tolerated. For alert mode requirements at the low-power end of the requirement range stated above, a solar space power system might qualify."

The Program Plan noted:

"Nuclear systems are the only realistic option to provide steady-state (continuous and alert) power needs. Nuclear systems may also compete favorably with chemical power sources for burst power applications, especially for those requiring bursts of more than a few hundred seconds. Potential advantages of nuclear systems include lower mass and volume; enhanced survivability, increased reliability and flexibility, and lower life cycle-costs. Nuclear systems could interface with advanced surveillance and weapon systems without adversely affecting the operational environments for these systems....

"Chemical systems may be able to satisfy SDI needs for high power/short-duration (up to 200-300 seconds) applications, depending on the length of the burst. However, the mass and the size of chemical systems become increasingly large for durations above 200-300 seconds and for high power operations."

Thus the primary focus of the MMW program was the analysis of open and closed cycle systems, and nuclear and chemical power sources. Gas-cooled reactors relative to liquid-metal cooled reactors for SDI MMW electrical power applications included larger and heavier reactors and radiators, but this was offset by the ease with which gas-cooled reactors could use open-cycle cooling. However, open-cycle chemical power systems were generally judged more attractive, subject to the compatibility of exhaust effluents with payload operations. A range of technological alternatives were considered for meeting these requirements (Figure II-2). A similarly broad set of choices was available for nuclear power systems responding to the MMW requirements (Figure II-3). One of the greatest challenges of nuclear power systems remained the high operating temperatures that had bedeviled previous nuclear aerospace propulsion programs

5. Prior to 1991 there was little public indication of existence of this program. Although program participants frequently published unclassified papers discussing tests conducted under the program, there was no indication of the sponsorship of these tests. The passing reference to "a classified MMW nuclear project," in: General Accounting Office, Nuclear Science -- Challenges Facing Space Reactor Power Systems Development, December 1987, GAO/RCED-88-23, page 35, referred to the Centaurus fission fragment laser system.

6. Department of Energy, Office of Defense Energy Projects and Special Applications, Strategic Defense Initiative Multimegawatt Space Nuclear Power Program - Summary, April 1986, page 1.

7. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Particle Bed Reactor Multimegawatt Concepts, BNL-39495, March 1987, page 1-1.

8. National Research Council, Energy Engineering Board, Committee on Advanced Space Based High Power Technologies, Advanced Power Sources for Space Missions, (Washington, National Academy Press, 1989), page 11.

9. National Research Council, Energy Engineering Board, Committee on Advanced Space Based High Power Technologies, Advanced Power Sources for Space Missions, (Washington, National Academy Press, 1989), page 2.

10. Department of Energy, Office of Defense Energy Projects and Special Applications, Strategic Defense Initiative Multimegawatt Space Nuclear Power Program - Summary, April 1986, page 2.

The Last Deception

Section 2

  section 3   

section 4 

  section 5  

section 6  

section 7 

  section 8 

section  9     

section 10  

section 11  

section 12  

section 13 

section 14 "The Protocols of the Illuminated Elders of Tzion"

  section 15 

      section 16 "The Beast Has Risen" 

 section 16-B

 section 17  

  section 17-B  

  section 17-C   

section 17-D

  section 18    

section 18-B

section 19    

section 19-B

section 20  

 section 20-B 

  section 20-C 

  section 20-D 

  section 20-E

section 21 

  section 22  

section 23

section 24

section 25