Noahide News

Part 454

April 25 , 2006 AD of Our LORD Jesus the Christ the Creator

Talmudic Dragon Moon Calendar  Nissan 27, 5766 ,   their Babylonian times of their  Babylonian Sumerian Doctrine and laws 5766

 

Ps:118:24: This is the day which the LORD hath made; we will rejoice and be glad in it.

 

 The FINISH 

of Iniquity unto desolation for them who Deny the Christ, Jesus the Lord.

mason seal

Extra Extra

http://www.shmais.com/picofdayall.cfm

When this Picture first appeared at Shmais.com it made NO MENTION of being a spoof. There are NO Other "Spoofs" in the Archives of Pics. It was not until Texe Marrs began broadcasting the PIC, when they were alerted, they added the "Word" Spoof, to deceive the masses. Too Late, he is REVEALED as a Talmudic Hassidic jew

 

Megillah Plus!

© Michoel Muchnik
© Michoel Muchnik

Megillat Esther, "The Scroll of Esther," is a first-hand account of the events of Purim, written by the heroes themselves--Esther and Mordechai. By special request of Esther to the Sanhedrin, the Megillah was included as one of the 24 books of the Biblical canon.

The Megillah is read twice in the course of the festival: on the eve of Purim (this year, after nightfall on March 13, 2006), and during Purim day (March 14, 2006). It should be read in the original Hebrew from a parchment scroll written by a specially trained scribe

Click here for a highly readable English translation of the full text of the Megillah. We have also provided you with the original Megillah text accompanied with a running commentary, culled from the Talmud and Midrash, the great Torah commentators, and the Chassidic masters. See the text come alive with explanatory notes, insightful observations, and vibrant applications to contemporary life.

 

_______

 King Bushahasuerus and his staff of jews and Perpetual Purim murder

http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1143498911316&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull


Top White House posts go to Jews

After appointing Joshua Bolten to be the White House chief of staff, US President George W. Bush nominated another Jewish staffer, Joel Kaplan, to serve as Bolten's deputy, putting him in charge of the daily policy planning.

The fact that White House policy is now in the hands of two Jews is not seen as significant by activists in the American Jewish community.

"He is simply appointing the best people for the job," said Nathan Diament, who heads the Washington office of the Orthodox Union. (Chabad Lubavitch)  Another Jewish activist added that he "wouldn't read too much into it."

Bolten, who first served as head of the Office of Management and Budget, was the first Jewish member of Bush's cabinet. Ever since Bush took office, there has been a custom of opening cabinet meetings with a brief prayer (to the Talmudic dragon) and so, before his first cabinet meeting, Bolten's assistant contacted Diament and asked for help in finding a Jewish prayer for the security and well-being of the cabinet members. The Orthodox Union (Chabad Lubavitch provided him with the text in English and in Hebrew and Bolten read it aloud at the next cabinet meeting. (inculcation of satan and state)

Bolten and Kaplan will probably be the most prominent Jewish members of the Bush administration, but not the only ones. Apart from Bolten, there is another Jewish cabinet member, Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff, (devilson) and there are other Jewish senior staff members, including Deputy National Security Adviser Elliott Abrams and White House staffer Jay Lefkowitz.

In the past year, several Jews who were holding senior posts in the administration have left, among them deputy secretary of defense Paul Wolfowitz, undersecretary of defense Doug Feith, Vice President Dick Cheney's chief of staff Lewis "Scooter" Libby and political adviser Ken Mehlman, who now heads the Republican National Committee.

Yet the policy of the administration has little to do with the religious beliefs of the staffers. "The president sets the policy goals and it is now the job of Josh [Bolten] and Joel [Kaplan] to help achieve these goals," said Noam Neusner, who served as the liaison to the Jewish community in Bush's White House from 2002-2005.

Other Jewish activists, both Republican and Democrat, agree that the nomination of Bolten and Kaplan have no affect on policy.

For Republicans, there is still a feeling that Bush does not receive the credit he deserves from the Jewish community. "We have Israel's best friend and it still hasn't changed the way the Jewish community sees him," said Fred Zeidman, a close friend of Bush and chairman of the National Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington. "I keep hoping that one day our community will see the light and support President Bush."

Aholibah is weary of Aholah Dan

Neusner recalled that in the Bush White House there was always great respect for religious practices of the staffers and predicted that this policy would remain now that Bolten is running its daily operations.

One tradition likely to go on is the reading of the Purim megilla led by Chabad Rabbi Levi Shemtov, which attracts many of the Jewish staffers.

The relatively small number of Jews in Bush's cabinet became an issue largely due to the comparison with his predecessor, Bill Clinton. The former administration had such Jewish cabinet members as Robert Reich, Robert Rubin, Sandy Berger, Lawrence Summers and Madeline Albright and State Department officials Dennis Ross, Martin Indyk and Aaron Miller.

"I don't support this idea of bean counting," said Jay Footlik, who was Clinton's liaison to the Jewish community. He sees the fact that the former administration had many Jewish members as significant to the policy the president had in regard to the Jewish community. According to him, the reason Jews were so visible in Clinton's administration was merely a result of the community being "drawn to public involvement and political activity."

 

merely for their Hoodlum haha shem sham of shame

_____

Bow down, Goyim, for behold, they say in their Talmudic laws that they are gods

http://www.jta.org/index.asp

Bush declares Jewish heritage month

President Bush proclaimed May as Jewish heritage month.

“As a nation of immigrants, the United States is better and stronger because Jewish people from all over the world have chosen to become American citizens,” Bush said in his proclamation Friday.

Better than the Goyim, Bushwhacker of Treason and murder and Blasphemy?

“Since arriving in 1654, Jewish Americans have achieved great success, strengthened our country and helped shape our way of life. 

Saying  the Christ believers contributed nothing to the Nation?

Through their deep commitment to faith, family and community, Jewish Americans remind us of a basic belief that guided the founding of this nation: That there is an Almighty who watches over the affairs of men and values every life

The greed, envy, thefts, lust, mammonizing, porno, hatred, worship of Satan?

Where will your god be on the Great and terrible Day of the LORD's Wrath?

____

H.J.Res.104--

H.J.Res.104

One Hundred Second Congress of the United States of America

AT THE FIRST SESSION

Begun and held at the City of Washington on Thursday, the third day of January,

one thousand nine hundred and ninety-one

Joint Resolution

To designate March 26, 1991, as `Education Day, U.S.A.'.

Whereas Congress recognizes the historical tradition of ethical values and principles which are the basis of civilized society and upon which our great Nation was founded;

Whereas these ethical values and principles have been the bedrock of society from the dawn of civilization, when they were known as the Seven Noahide Laws;

Whereas without these ethical values and principles the edifice of civilization stands in serious peril of returning to chaos;

Whereas society is profoundly concerned with the recent weakening of these principles that has resulted in crises that beleaguer and threaten the fabric of civilized society;

Whereas the justified preoccupation with these crises must not let the citizens of this Nation lose sight of their responsibility to transmit these historical ethical values from our distinguished past to the generations of the future;

Whereas the Lubavitch movement has fostered and promoted these ethical values and principles throughout the world;

Whereas Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, leader of the Lubavitch movement, is universally respected and revered and his eighty-ninth birthday falls on March 26, 1991;

Whereas in tribute to this great spiritual leader, `the rebbe', this, his ninetieth year will be seen as one of `education and giving', the year in which we turn to education and charity to return the world to the moral and ethical values contained in the Seven Noahide Laws; and

Whereas this will be reflected in an international scroll of honor signed by the President of the United States and other heads of state: Now, therefore, be it

 

    Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That March 26, 1991, the start of the ninetieth year of Rabbi Menachem Schneerson, leader of the worldwide Lubavitch movement, is designated as `Education Day, U.S.A.'. The President is requested to issue a proclamation calling upon the people of the United States to observe such day with appropriate ceremonies and activities.

Speaker of the House of Representatives.

Vice President of the United States and

President of the Senate.

Sold out to the anti-Christ Talmudic Satan worshippers by TREASON and of Blasphemy Amaraka the Apostate

 

http://www.jlaw.com/Articles/noach2.html#oblig-compel

Jewish Law - Commentary/Opinion

Enslavement of all mankind who dwell upon the earth whose names are not written in the Book of life of the Lamb Slain from the foundation of the World, who are the Saints set free at Calvary

The Obligation of Jews to Seek Observance of Noachide[1] Laws by Gentiles: A Theoretical Review

by Rabbi Michael J. Broyde[*]



Table of Contents

I.
Introduction
II. The Noachide Laws
          1. Preliminary Issues
          2. The Content of Noachide Laws
III. The Obligation of "Laws" or "Justice"
IV. The Obligation to Teach or Judge Noachides
          1. The Obligation to Compel Observance
                    A. Maimonides' Approach
                    B. The Approach of Ravad, Nachmanides, Tosafot and others
          2. When a Noachide will Certainly Violate the Law, May Jews Assist in the Violation?
          3. The Responsa of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson
V. Conclusion
VI. Postscript


ABSTRACT

This paper addresses the scope of
Jewish law's mandate upon Jews to enforce the Seven Noachide commandments, as well as any other rules Jewish law mandates that Gentiles should keep. Part One of this article outlines what are the Noachide commandments, and their place in a halachic system. Part Two discusses the obligation of both Jews and Noachides under the rubric of the commandment called dinim (literally: "laws" or "justice"). Part Three reviews the various opinions on the obligation of Jews to enforce the Noachide commandments. Part Three will consider not only whether enforcement must be sought, but in situations where enforcement is not possible, whether Jewish law mandates Jews to seek to persuade Noachides to obey their commandments. It will also consider whether -- when such persuasion fails -- Jewish law, at the minimum, requires that one may not assist a Gentile in violating the Noachide commandments.

This article concludes that notwithstanding a minority opinion to the contrary, Jewish law accepts that Gentiles are obligated to keep the Noachide laws, and they are obligated even for unintentional violations

So too, Jewish law recognizes that Gentiles are obligated to create a system of laws designed to -- at the minimum -- enforce the Noachide laws.

Forced Satan worship of the Dragon of Sanhedrin

 Finally, while Maimonides appears to accept that Jews as well as Noachides are obligated to enforce the Noachide laws, many authorities, early and late, reject this rule of Maimonides and deny that there is a halachic obligation on individual Jews to compel Noachides to observe their laws. Finally this article noted that whether there is (or is not) a halachic obligation to affirmatively enforce the Noachide laws, it is nonetheless still biblically prohibited to enable or entice a Noachide to violate the Noachide laws (if absent a Jew's assistance, the law would not be violated). However, in a situation where the Noachide is able to violate the law without the assistance of any Jew, many authorities rule that there is no obligation to prevent a Noachide from sinning and thus one may even assist the Noachide in sin.


I. Introduction   [RETURN TO TABLE OF CONTENTS]

This paper will address the scope of halacha's mandate upon Jews to enforce the Seven[2] Noachide commandments, as well as any other rules Jewish law mandates that Gentiles should keep. It will do so from a purely theoretical perspective, without any attempt to apply the
rules developed to America in the 1990's or any other particular (factual) setting.[3] Rather, the purpose of this article is to determine which options concerning enforcement are halachically acceptable. In the field of "Jewish public policy" the first question that must be asked is which (if any) of the theoretical options are, in fact, prohibited by Jewish law. After that question is answered, then one can consider which of the remaining options most closely accomplishes whatever Jewish goal is sought.[4]

BY TREASON is your Blasphemous anti-Christ Law, and by the JUDGMENT of GOD you are sent into eternal Damnation for your Blasphemy and your murders and your thefts against Mankind, BEWARE Talmudic Jews, the Great Day of the LORDS wrath is soon, and you will have no place to "Hide" then it is you who are become the "NOHIDES"


Part One of this article outlines what are the Noachide commandments, and their place in a halachic system. Part Two discusses the obligation of both Jews and Noachides under the rubric of the commandment called dinim (literally: "laws" or "justice"). 

The Law of Satan's SynaGOG-ue of MURDERing wonderfully

Part Three reviews the various opinions on the obligation of Jews to enforce the Noachide commandments. Part Three will consider not only whether enforcement must be sought, but in situations where enforcement is not possible, whether Jewish law mandates Jews to seek to persuade Noachides to obey their commandments. It will also consider whether -- when such persuasion fails -- Jewish law, at the minimum, requires that one may not assist a Gentile in violating the Noachide commandments.

II. The Noachide Laws   [RETURN TO TABLE OF CONTENTS]

1. Preliminary Issues   [RETURN TO TABLE OF CONTENTS]

Before one can explore the obligation upon Jews to enforce Noachide law, it is necessary to determine if Jewish law accepts that these commandments are still binding on Noachides. The
talmud recounts, as one possible resolution of an unrelated tort law problem, that:

God observed the Gentiles of the land -- What did He see? He saw that the seven commandments He gave the Noachides were not observed and thus He permitted these seven commandments to them.[5]

The God of Talmud Bavli which is the tradition of the jews which makes the Word of God of none effect unto them, is NO GOD the Father in Heaven. The Word is GOD and was made flesh. The talmud states the WORD, who is Jesus, who is the Redeemer from the beginning was "Replaced" by the Satanic theology of these Hassidic Pharisaic Talmudic son's of Satan's shemmyGOG of Dan the Sofiet RED of Sanhedrin, Dragon worshippers. This Dragon was transformed from Darkness into Illuminated false Phosphourus light, Lucifer is his Son of Perdition, false King of Babylon, whom they seek to "REVEAL" very very soon.

Based on this assertion, Bach,[6] Rabbi Chaim Abulafia,[7] Penai Yehoshua,[8] Maharit[9] (and perhaps Chatam Sofer[10] and a version of Tosafot[11] ) all indicate that Gentiles are no longer legally obligated even to keep the Noachide commandments and those who do keep them would be in the status of one "not obligated and observing."[12] This can perhaps be inferred from the comments of Rashi, as well.[13] As noted by Penai Yehoshua, if these commandments are no longer binding on Noachides, the problems associated with assisting a violation or not encouraging observance would greatly decrease, and indeed Penai Yehoshua rules that the only thing that would still be prohibited would be actually enticing them to do something that Noachides cannot do without the assistance of a Jew.[14]

Simeon Haddarsen, fol. 56-D: "When the Messiah (Moshiach of Satan) comes every Jew
will have 2800 slaves."


Most authorities reject this insight and accept that the Noachide commandments are fully binding.[15] 

Yes indeedy doo, the CONGRESS of the United Stated of Jewrisdiction Eretz ITSREALHELL and the Treasonous Talmudic Man O Dan the "Talmudic War President" the MURDERER

 

They argue that it is difficult to accept that all of the talmudic discussions concerning Noachide law are predicated on the unstated assumption of the abrogation of the Noachide obligation or even the abrogation of the biblical obligation.[16] 

These satan worshipping laws have no PLace in the WORD of GOD but are fables of the Talmudic Hassidim of the Dragon's Talmud of Babylon unto their Babylonian false king, Moshiach ben wannabe of HELL and death the Covenant they have made and now Judeo-Churchinsanity have embraced, and they will indeed have their Covenant they have made, and they will indeed have their king over them, For Amaraka while you gloated, you deserve your Just reward

Indeed, this position appears to be rejected by every single one of the early authorities (rishonim) who codified the Noachide laws[17] and the numerous later authorities (achronim) who did so.[18] Thus, it is safe to state that Jewish law treats the Noachide laws as binding

Matthew 24:

3: And as he sat upon the mount of Olives, the disciples came unto him privately, saying, Tell us, when shall these things be? and what shall be the sign of thy coming, and of the end of the world?
4: And Jesus answered and said unto them, Take heed that no man deceive you.
5: For many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ; and shall deceive many.
6: And ye shall hear of wars and rumours of wars: see that ye be not troubled: for all these things must come to pass, but the end is not yet.
7: For nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom: and there shall be famines, and pestilences, and earthquakes, in divers places.
8: All these are the beginning of sorrows.
9: Then shall they deliver you up to be afflicted, and shall kill you: and ye shall be hated of all nations for my name's sake.

 

 

.[19] Indeed, there are numerous discussions within the Shulchan Aruch and its commentaries which simply assume that the Noachide laws are fully binding.[20]

See Russian Nationalist fighting  these same shemborg collective and their Shulchan Aruch filthy Satanic Perverted laws

Russian Paper Prints Expose Of Talmudic Basis Of Israel The ...
By specifically citing the Shulchan Aruch, the Russian authors undercut the standard disinformation ploy used by rabbis and their apologists when responding ...
NCSJ - Russian Prosecutors Target Jewish Grp.
... religious groups in Russia that work according to “the morals of Shulchan Aruch,” a ... which published a Russian translation of Kitzur Shulchan Aruch,
PDS Russia Religion News July 2005
... in 1999 to publish the book "Shulchan Aruch" in the Russian language. ... In "Shulchan Aruch" are collected legal standards and norms for conduct;

http://www.stetson.edu/~psteeves/relnews/0507a.html

Defense of Jewish law book

ISRAEL CONSIDERS INVESTIGATION OF "SHULCHAN ARUCH" MANIFESTATION OF ANTISEMITISM
Novoe vremia, 30 June 2005

The expert analysis of the contents of "Shulchan Aruch" which has been started by the Moscow prosecutor's office has evoked dismay in Israel. [See "Criminal case against Moscow Jewish organization"] As "Kommersant" wrote on Wednesday, when the foreign ministry of Israel learned about the interrogation of Rabbi Zinovy Kogan it immediately demanded an explanation from the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

On 23 June at the Basman district prosecutor's office of Moscow, the leader of Congress of Jewish Religious Associations and Organizations of Russia, Rabbi Zinovy Kogan, was questioned. As the rabbi describes it, at the prosecutor's office he was given one question: why was it decided in 1999 to publish the book "Shulchan Aruch" in the Russian language. "By that time, we had opened in Moscow two new yeshivas (Talmudic religious educational institutions) and we needed literature in the Russian language, so the book was published," the rabbi answered consistently.

The interrogation immediately became known in Jerusalem.  "Such a thing has not happened for many decades, either in Russia or other countries with which Israel maintains diplomatic relations," a newspaper quotes the words of a source in the Israeli government who wished to remain anonymous. The Israeli foreign ministry immediately demanded an explanation, although it did not receive any answer.

According to information of the publication, the first vice-premier of Israel, Ehud Olmert, on Monday had a long conversation with Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, who "was extremely concerned about what is happening." The prime minister instructed him to clarify how it could happen that a sacred book of the Jews has fallen under suspicion in Russia as inflamatory. Mr. Olmert stated that Israel views this as "an unprecedented manifestation of antisemitism."

Direct from the Anti-Christ of the Earth, who are of their father the murderer from the beginning

Thus the question of antisemitism in Russia has become the main item in conversations of the vice-premier with Prime Minister Fradkov. 

All because they oppose the shem sham of Everlasting anti-Christ shame of the Dragon that Old serpent and Satan

 

The Israeli vice-premier stated at the meeting that Israel awaits from Russia concrete steps and a clear assessment of the actions of the Moscow prosecutor's office. In reply, the Moscow prosecutor's office announced on Tuesday that criminal cases would not be opened with regard to the publication of the book "Shulchan Aruch," nor with regard to the authors of the appeal to the Prosecutor General's office.

Coowner of the "MENATEP" group, Leonid Nevzlin, assessed the actions of the prosecutor in these cases as a manifestation of state antisemitism. In an interview with Grani.ru he named antisemites in Putin's inner circle.

"It is our duty to force all mankind to accept the seven Noahide laws, and if not — they "will be killed." Rabbi Yitzhak Ginsburg

Mikhail Chlenov, general secretary of the Eurasian Jewish Congress:  "Every religion, every developed religion, I stress especially, each of the three Abrahamic religions, that is, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, contains within it a serious element of obscurantism, that is, closed mindedness.

Christ is the ONLY RELIGION of Abraham, for he BELIEVED the WORD of GOD and was counted unto Righteousness, the Righteousness of Jesus who is the ONLY righteous, who they the seed of Satan so Hate

  And this, it seems to me, is very important to stress: it is everywhere.. Moreover, among the followers of these religions we see everywhere, in all countries, including Russia, a group of people who have been attracted to religion precisely by obscurantism.

Now, just what is this book "Shulchan Aruch" to which these men are appealing? Without a doubt, this book is not a Christian book and there is no sympathy for Christianity in it. We can say that directly and frankly. And there should not be. Indeed, this book is not Christian and moreover it is a book which actually defines the life of a person who is living amidst people of other faiths. Which is how Jews lived up until the creation of the state of Israel, and even now they live that way to a substantial degree.

Now with respect to the specific questions. I have selected an example. A Jewish woman does not assist in childbirth.  I am not talking about the fact that the most famous maternity clinic in Moscow, to which everybody is rushing, so to speak, was founded by a Jew. Yes, Grauerman, was a Jew and not, let's say, a Tamil or Chinese. The quote which they cite enunciates this: "A Jewish woman must not aid a non-Jewish woman in childbirth, other than in the event that she is known as a midwife. In that case she is permitted to do it, so as not to evoke hostility toward us, and only for pay and on a weekday." Now these are religious laws that have differing strictness for orthodox and nonorthodox Jews. Naturally, a Jewish woman who is not a midwife ought not to be assisting in childbirth. Why? It's clear. If, God forbid, something happened, then back in those conditions when this book was written, not only this woman will be accused but also the whole community to which she belonged. They will say "O, this was done specifically so that the Christian child would die and then they will take its blood." We could cite many other examples. These quotes are partly distorted and partly taken out of context.

How can it be Partly taken out of context?

We should not have to justify ourselves for something that is written in the sacred (Perverted satanic) books just as Christians should not have to justify themselves for, let's say, Christ's statement "I will not bring peace, but a sword," or, for example, for his statement to the Samaritan woman that "I will not give this to dogs; go away, I was sent only to save the lost sheep of Israel" (I am speaking from memory and not quoting). 

The sword is upon you own that Day of the LORDS wrath, a two edged sword, of truth,........ Satan

Christ seeks for you to Have Life abundantly, but you have chosen your Talmudic Covenant with Death and hell, and the LORD said he will not disanull it. Your murders are recorded even from Abel to the Last Saint of Christ

 

And I am not going to say anything about the Quran. It is simple enough to find, for every humane person, an Osama bin Laden. That's a peculiarity of this culture, these religions, in which we live. In this regard Judaism is more restrained, much more modest, because for every such apparently xenophobic point there is an explanation, a commentary in the books, but in addition, a rabbi, according to Jewish law, and this is very important, has the right to interpret and to change the law. Religious law is a constantly changing system.

Radio Liberty, 13 February 2005

Resolution concerning refusal to open a criminal case with regard to the appeal to the Prosecutor General's office demanding prohibition of Jewish organizations.

From the letter to the prosecutor general regarding prohibition of Jewish organizations.

Do the sharply negative assessments of Judaism by Russian patriots correspond to the truth? If they do correspond, then such assessments are justified and, regardless of the emotionality, they cannot be considered as derogatory or inciting strife, and so forth.

Deputies who signed the antisemitic letter to the prosecutor general: from "Rodina" fraction, Sergei Glotov, Anatoly Greshnevikov, Sergei Grigoriev, Alexander Krutov, Nikolai Leonov, Oleg Mashchenko, Vladimir Nikitin, Nikolai Pavlov, Igor Rodionov, Andrei Savaliev, Yury Savaliev, Irina Savelieva, Ivan Kharchenko, Alexander Chuev; from fraction of communist party, Nikolai Ezersky, Vladimir Kashin, Nikolai Kondratenko, Albert Makashov, Petr Svechnikov, Sergei Sobko.

Appeal to the prosecutor general regarding prohibition of national and religious Jewish Organizations:  We, both to protect our fatherland and for personal self-defense, are forced to appeal to you, Mr. Prosecutor General, with an insistent request to investigate as soon as possible the salient facts and, if they are confirmed, to officially open a case for prohibiting in our country all religious and national Jewish associations as extremist.

Kitzur Shulchan Aruch

"Shulchan Aruch" is a hallachic (that is, religious law) code of the sixteenth century, citing books written more than a thousand years before it. "Shulchan Aruch" (literally "covered table") was composed by Rabbi Joseph Karo (1488-1575). It was first published in 1565 in Venice.

Has NOTHING to do with GOD, but a filthy perverted rib-eye of Talmud Bavli of Blasphemy and MURDER

In "Shulchan Aruch" are collected legal standards and norms for conduct; each is accompanied by a commentary in which conditions for its application are discussed. 

Mishnah and Gemara

Some of them, such as, for example, the prohibition of murder or love for one's neighbor, are, from the point of view of Judaism, unchangeable; 

ONLY toward their fellow Talmudic brethren of the serpents brood, the "collective"

others are connected with specific social situations and lose force when they change. Many standards contained in these books relate to times when Judaism was persecuted and Jewish communities lived on the verge of extinction.

and In apostate Amaraka, they are now the LAW of the MURDERING Land of Dan

"Kitzur Shulchan Aruch," that is, an abridged "Shulchan Aruch" was compiled by Rabbi Shlomo Gantsfried (1800-1886) in Hungary. It was first published in 1864. It has the same rules given in pure form, without commentaries, which permitted the reduction of the huge four-volume book to one book, which still, to be sure, has half a thousand pages. In the intention of the composer, "Kitzur Shulchan Aruch" was supposed to be for people who for one or another reason did not engage in profound study of the laws of Torah.

"Goyim"

However, the rules contained in this book cannot be understood correctly by themselves, without the commentaries. 

see "lowestpit"

"Kitzur Shulchan Aruch" presupposed knowledge of "Shulchan Aruch," and the ability to use it. This requires years of study.  (tr. by PDS, posted 4 July 2005)

Russian original posted on Portal-credo.ru site, 30 June 2005

Russia Religion News Current News Items

 

Back to the Amarakan "Noahide enforcement of the Talmudic Satanic "War and MURDER President, Bushwhacker

A second preliminary issue is whether the unintentional violation of one of the Noachide commandments leads to legal culpability in Jewish law. Based on a statement of Maimonides,[21] Minchat Chinuch rules:

When is it prohibited to hand a Noachide something forbidden to him? This is only when he knows that it is prohibited; but when he does not know that it is prohibited, there is no prohibition, since in this case there is complete un-intentionality (lit: shegaga gemorah) and a Noachide violates no rule when his violation is completely unintentional.[22]

But if he refuses to Stand fast in Faith of Jesus the Christ the LORD, then he will be decapitated by their "Love Law" purged, sacrificed, for his own good

If this Minchat Chinuch is correct, a case could be made that Noachides are, in fact, better served by not teaching them laws.[23]

I agree whole heartedly

Many authorities disagree with the Minchat Chinuch and limit the permissive ruling to a situation where the Noachide recognizes the category of activity as prohibited, but merely does not recognize this particular action as in violation.[24] However, when the Noachide does not recognize the whole category of activity as prohibited, his actions still rise to the level of legal culpability.[25] Others simply reject the whole insight of the Minchat Chinuch and base their view on an explicit Tosafot[26] that appears to do the same.[27] These authorities rule that Noachides are always obligated to obey the law and culpability is thus always present. Thus, it is well established that Gentiles benefit from being taught the Noachide laws.

Thus they inculcate your children in their "No Child Left Behind" from Satan, Education and Shearing Day USA HJR 104, PL 102-14


2. The Content of Noachide Laws   [RETURN TO TABLE OF CONTENTS]

Having established that the Noachide commandments are binding on Gentiles, and that lack of knowledge does not excuse obligation, it is necessary to explore what the commandments are. The talmud[28] recounts seven categories of prohibition: idol worship, taking God's name in vain, (Their non god the tetragrammaton of Hell) murder, prohibited sexual activity, theft, eating flesh from a living animal, and the obligation to enforce laws. As is obvious from this list, these seven commandments are generalities which contain within them many specifications -- thus, for example, the single categorical prohibition of sexual promiscuity includes both adultery and the various forms of incest.[29] As has been noted already, these Noachide laws appear to encompass nearly 60 of the 613 biblical commandments incumbent on Jews, which is nearly one in four of those biblical commandments generally applicable in post-temple times.

 

Matthew 23

1: Then spake Jesus to the multitude, and to his disciples,
2: Saying, The scribes and the Pharisees sit in Moses' seat:

3: All therefore whatsoever they bid you observe, that observe and do; but do not ye after their works: for they say, and do not.

If you say you will accept their Noahide Laws, then do it into eternal shame

But if you Say NO, then DO it in Faith of eternal Salvation, there are no in betweens


4: For they bind heavy burdens and grievous to be borne, and lay them on men's shoulders; but they themselves will not move them with one of their fingers.
5: But all their works they do for to be seen of men: they make broad their phylacteries, and enlarge the borders of their garments,
6: And love the uppermost rooms at feasts, and the chief seats in the synagogues,
7: And greetings in the markets, and to be called of men, Rabbi, Rabbi.
8: But be not ye called Rabbi: for one is your Master, even Christ; and all ye are brethren.
9: And call no man your father upon the earth: for one is your Father, which is in heaven.
10: Neither be ye called masters: for one is your Master, even Christ.
11: But he that is greatest among you shall be your servant.
12: And whosoever shall exalt himself shall be abased; and he that shall humble himself shall be exalted.
13: But woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye shut up the kingdom of heaven against men: for ye neither go in yourselves, neither suffer ye them that are entering to go in.
14: Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye devour widows' houses, and for a pretence make long prayer: therefore ye shall receive the greater damnation.
15: Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye compass sea and land to make one proselyte, and when he is made, ye make him twofold more the child of hell than yourselves.
16: Woe unto you, ye blind guides, which say, Whosoever shall swear by the temple, it is nothing; but whosoever shall swear by the gold of the temple, he is a debtor!
17: Ye fools and blind: for whether is greater, the gold, or the temple that sanctifieth the gold?

Jesus the Temple torn down and Raise on the Third Day and is the Temple of the Kingdom of Sion, God's Holy Mountain in heaven


18: And, Whosoever shall swear by the altar, it is nothing; but whosoever sweareth by the gift that is upon it, he is guilty.
19: Ye fools and blind: for whether is greater, the gift, or the altar that sanctifieth the gift?
20: Whoso therefore shall swear by the altar, sweareth by it, and by all things thereon.
21: And whoso shall swear by the temple, sweareth by it, and by him that dwelleth therein.
22: And he that shall swear by heaven, sweareth by the throne of God, and by him that sitteth thereon.
23: Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye pay tithe of mint and anise and cummin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith: these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone.
24: Ye blind guides, which strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel.
25: Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye make clean the outside of the cup and of the platter, but within they are full of extortion and excess.
26: Thou blind Pharisee, cleanse first that which is within the cup and platter, that the outside of them may be clean also.
27: Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead men's bones, and of all uncleanness.
28: Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity.
29: Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! because ye build the tombs of the prophets, and garnish the sepulchres of the righteous,
30: And say, If we had been in the days of our fathers, we would not have been partakers with them in the blood of the prophets.
31: Wherefore ye be witnesses unto yourselves, that ye are the children of them which killed the prophets.
32: Fill ye up then the measure of your fathers.

33: Ye serpents, ye generation of vipers, how can ye escape the damnation of hell?
34: Wherefore, behold, I send unto you prophets, and wise men, and scribes: and some of them ye shall kill and crucify; and some of them shall ye scourge in your synagogues, and persecute them from city to city:
35:
That upon you may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel unto the blood of Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar.
36: Verily I say unto you, All these things shall come upon this generation.
37: O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that killest the prophets, and stonest them which are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not!
38: Behold, your house is left unto you desolate.
39: For I say unto you, Ye shall not see me henceforth, till ye shall say, Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord.

 

 

[30] What might make the practical application of the Noachide laws sometimes difficult is the frequently wide divergence of opinion found within the various Jewish authorities concerning details of many Noachide laws. A simple example illustrates this:

The Jerusalem Talmud recounts that there is no formal divorce according to Noachide law.[31] The rishonim understand this in three completely different ways. Some claim that this means that divorce is legally impossible for a Gentile and once married there is no way to end the marriage.[32] Others maintain that the
Talmudic passage means that there is no formal process of divorce, and either spouse can end the marriage by simply leaving the family unit.[33] 

Matthew 19:

1: And it came to pass, that when Jesus had finished these sayings, he departed from Galilee, and came into the coasts of Judaea beyond Jordan;
2: And great multitudes followed him; and he healed them there.
3: The Pharisees also came unto him, tempting him, and saying unto him, Is it lawful for a man to put away his wife for every cause?
4: And he answered and said unto them, Have ye not read, that he which made them at the beginning made them male and female,
5: And said, For this cause shall a man leave father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife: and they twain shall be one flesh?
6: Wherefore they are no more twain, but one flesh. What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder.
7: They say unto him,
Why did Moses then command to give a writing of divorcement, and to put her away?
8: He saith unto them,
Moses because of the hardness of your hearts suffered you to put away your wives: but from the beginning it was not so.
9: And I say unto you, Whosoever shall put away his wife, except it be for fornication, and shall marry another, committeth adultery: and whoso marrieth her which is put away doth commit adultery.
10: His disciples say unto him, If the case of the man be so with his wife, it is not good to marry.
11: But he said unto them, All men cannot receive this saying, save they to whom it is given

By their Damnable laws they have caused much Fornication, we were deceived by these Hassidic Blasphemous Vipers to accept DIVORCE, and I am also Guilty, but am cleansed by the Lamb by his OWN BLOOD, and ALL who by faith in HIM and eternal Salvation are cleansed, Let us never do it again in the Name of Christ the LORD

 

Yet other authorities insist that in Noachide law a man may never divorce his wife -- but she may divorce him at will.[34] Similar disputes touch many core areas of Noachide law, leaving the resolution of many hard cases very difficult to determine.

And every Law these Hassidic Pharisees the Vipers of Hell make are absolutely "CONTRARY" unto the Creator GOD, IF you have chosen to abode in the lowestrooms of hell, then you can Justify the NEW Treasonous Murderous Blasphemous Laws of the Bushwhacker of Dan Bloody anti-Christ ad-menstruation, BUT, I assure you, you will not like the outcome

[35] Indeed, before one seeks to apply the details of Noachide law to issues in current society, it is necessary to determine what precisely is the Noachide obligation.[36]

However, disputes about the details should not be overstated to undermine the clarity of the general principles. The application of Noachide law to many general areas is relatively clear. Homosexuality is forbidden,[37] as is adultery[38] and bestiality.[39] Murder is prohibited, and subsumed in the prohibition of murder is abortion.[40] So too, most forms of theft are prohibited, as is eating the flesh of a living animal.[41] Indeed, the general Noachide laws share a common base of "ethics" that most religious peoples would share.[42]

Which are the LAW that GOD put into Man's Heart, the "Catch, is that they DENY the Creator GOD from the Beginning, and if you say that Jesus is GOD ALMIGHTY come in the flesh, crucified, Raised and ascended in a Glorified Body, then you are breaking their anti-Christ laws of their "Replacement Theology" their "replacement god who is no GOD, but is the DRAGON they serve and force mankind to bow and Worship


III. The Obligation of "Laws" or "Justice"[43]   [RETURN TO TABLE OF CONTENTS]

The final commandment in the Noachide code is dinim, commonly translated as "laws" or "justice". Two vastly different interpretations of this commandment are found among the early authorities. Maimonides rules that the obligations of dinim require only that the enumerated Noachide laws be enforced in practice. Maimonides states:

How are [Noachides] obligated by dinim?. They must create courts and appoint judges in every provence to enforce these six commandments . . for this reason the inhabitants of Shechem [the city] were liable to be killed[44] since Shechem [the person] stole[45] [Dina], and the inhabitants saw and knew this and did nothing.[46]

And now once again the White House of Mystery Babylon serves Esther, Easter, Isis, Ashatar, Ishatar, the Queen of heaven, Lucifer the son of the morning, the male/female Shekinak non gods of Polytheism of the Pharisees, That Old Devil the Dragon and satan

According to Maimonides it is logical to assume that other types of regulations that society might make are subsumed under the rubric of either "laws of the land" or "laws of the king." Their binding authority is quite different.[47]



Nachmanides argues with this formulation and understands the obligations of dinim to be much broader. It encompasses not only the obligations of society to enforce rules, but it also obligates society to create general rules of law governing such cases as fraud, overcharging, repayment of debts and the like.

They have set up their Talmudic Bankruptcy Law to enslave Mankind as Bond servants to the Talmudic Jewish Elite Banking global system

[48] Within the opinion of Nachmanides there is a secondary dispute as to what substantive laws Noachides are supposed to adopt. Rama, writing in his responsa,[49] states that according to Nachmanides in those areas of dinim where Gentiles are supposed to create laws, they are obligated to incorporate Jewish law into Noachide law unless it is clear contextually that it is inappropriate. Most authorities reject this interpretation and accept either Maimonides ruling or that according to Nachmanides those rules created under the rubric of dinim need only be generally fair, and need not be identical to Jewish law.[50] This author cannot find even a single rishon who accepts the ruling of Rama, and one can find many who explicitly disagree.[51]

The dispute concerning the nature of the commandment called dinim is extremely relevant to explaining the obligation of Jews to provide guidance and seek enforcement of the Noachide laws. It would appear to this author that Maimonides accepts that the biblical commandment of dinim (or some Noachide cognate of it) compels enforcement by all -- Jews as well as Gentiles -- of these seven laws, perhaps because Jews too are bound by them.

and jews are bound to Satan and are anti-Christ of the earth, Now their Proselytes the Judeo-Churchinsanity have gloatingly joined them in unbelief.

 

Gawd Bliss Amaraka

Your Treasonous Blasphemous Government of these United States which is Now Jewrisdicition of Eretz ITSREALHELL, under authority of the Unconstitutional "Dictator" George W. Bush, the Noahide enforcer "War President, have sold you out Amaraka, and seeks to enslave you by the Talmudic Jews who run Washington DC, by the Treasonous "Homeland Security Department of the Talmudic jew Chertoff, which means devilson in the Russian language

 

 

[52] Maimonides in his explanation of the laws of dinim does not appear to limit them to Noachides only. Indeed, writing much more recently, Rabbi Yoseph Engel,[53] Rabbi Meir Simcha MeDivinsk, Rabbi Yecheil Yakov Weinberg, Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach,[54] and Rabbi Moshe Feinstein[55] all seem to indicate that there is some residual jurisdictional impact upon Jews from their Noachide obligation. For example, Rabbi Meir Simcha recounts that if a Jewish child who is not yet bar or bat mitzva, and thus not an adult according to Jewish law, comprehends the nature of right and wrong,[56] he or she[57] is obligated according to torah law in the Noachide commandments, since according to Noachide law he is an adult.[58] In a similar vein, Rabbi Weinberg states that a marriage entered into between two Jews which is technically invalid according to Jewish law still creates a Noachide marriage between the couple.[59]

The opposite claim could be made according to Nachmanides (as interpreted by those who disagree with Rama). Since the obligation to create dinim according to Nachmanides includes in it other obligations clearly not applicable to Jews (such as the creation of a general civil or secular law system governing all other than Jewish) it would appear that Nachmanides could not accept a Jewish obligation to participate in dinim.[60] 

Dinim = secular zion of Aholibah, Kadima

That is not to say that Jews need not obey dinim or other aspects of the Noachide code according to Nachmanides. Indeed, it is clear that a number of authorities find some connection between the obligation of dinim and the halachic mandate of dina demalchuta dina, the obligation of Jews to obey the secular law.[61] If Noachides are obligated in the creation of general secular law and not only the enforcement of these six specified commandments, it would seem logical that Jews must too obey these dinim, at least in interactions with Noachides.[62] However, a crucial observation must be made. Merely because Jewish law rules that one is obligated to obey Noachide law does not mean that one is necessarily obligated to assist in its enforcement.[63] The two are not necessarily interrelated.[64]

have their cake and eat it too

Indeed, as noted by Chazon Ish, Jewish law requires respect of the Noachide legal pronouncements even in a situation where the Noachide judges themselves do not fully observe Noachide law.[65] 

Hypocrites of Hell

Chazon Ish was asked concerning the obligation to accept legal pronouncements from a Noachide court that does not generally observe (or enforce) all of the seven commandments, but "observes the law concerning sanctity of life and theft of property." Chazon Ish replies that if they are enforcing even a section of the Noachide laws properly, it is halachically necessary to respect those pronouncements.[66] However, respect does not necessarily mean that full participation is mandatory.

above the law of the "Goyim"

In sum, there certainly is an obligation upon Noachides -- at the minimum -- to create a legal system designed to enforce Noachide law. 

And the Talmudic Bush family of Treason surely have along with Congress

"If the people were to ever find out what we have done, we would be chased down the streets and lynched."   President George H.W. Bush, quoted by Sarah McClendon
(White House Reporter) in her June 1992 Newsletter.

 

Jews have an obligation to recognize and respect this system, even if it is incomplete in its observance of Noachide law. According to many, there would appear to be a residual impact of Noachide law in Jewish law.[67]


IV. The Obligation to Teach or Judge Noachides   [RETURN TO TABLE OF CONTENTS]

Gen:49:16: Dan shall judge his people, as one of the tribes of Israel.

 

Maimonides states:

Moses, our teacher, only willed Torah and mitzvot to the Jewish people, since it states "An inheritance to the community of Jacob."[68] . . . One [who is not Jewish] who does not wish to, we do not compel to accept Jewish law. So too, Moses our teacher was commanded by God to compel the commandments to the Noachides. All who do not accept are killed. One who accepts them [voluntarily] is called a ger toshav [literally: resident alien]. . .[69]

"It is our duty to force all mankind to accept the seven Noahide laws, and if not — they will be killed." Rabbi Yitzhak Ginsburg

See Bushwhackers, Illegal Immigrants, Ger Toshav...influx of Catholicos anti-Christ, resident aliens

So, too, Maimonides recounts that:
A Jewish court [beit din] is obligated to appoint judges for ger toshaves [literally: resident alien] to judge them in order that the world not be destroyed. If the Jewish court wishes to appoint judges from within their midst, it may; if it wishes to appoint judges from the Jews, it may.[70]

Upon seizing the reins of government, the new Noachide leaders will move quickly to implement a full agenda of reform.  ...  Full support will be given to Israeli forces to reinvade PLO-controlled areas, with military assistance offered where necessary.  Jewish courts ... will be granted full legal sovereignty over Jewish citizens within each country, who will no longer be subject to the authority of gentile courts. 

The pre-existing Noachide judges and courts will replace the existing court system of each country, and the legal code will be drastically rewritten to conform to halacha....  ....  And law and order will be fully restored through the establishment of internal security measures, again in accordance with Torah law. — Committee for Israeli Victory

Yes people, call it what you want to, but in every form it is TREASON, and anti-Christ Blasphemy. Conspiracy Theory, go tell that to the Whitehouse full of their anti-Christ Conspiracy theories that the War in Iraq was because of their CIA operative Ben Laden, the saints of God do not want to hear your gobbly gook and pitiful comments. You are to obey the Law of the land you say, then we say go, join the "Other Anti-Christ yiddiots in the lowestroom forum, or go ask a rib-eye

 

Finally, Maimonides rules that:
One who takes an adult slave from an idol worshiper, and the slave does not wish to be circumcised one may delay up to twelve months . . If one agreed concerning this slave with his previous owner not to circumcise him, it is permitted to keep the slave uncircumcised; however, the slave must keep the seven commandments obligatory on Noachides and if not, he is killed immediately.[71]

Yes by their Bankruptcy law, they have made you a Noahide slave, so the question is will you accept the Mark of the beast?

Rv:20:4: And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given unto them: and I saw the souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus, and for the word of God, and which had not worshipped the beast, neither his image, neither had received his mark upon their foreheads, or in their hands; and they lived and reigned with Christ a thousand years.

This article will address three basic issues that flow from the formulation of Maimonides. They are:
(1) Is there an obligation upon each individual Jew to coerce compliance; or is the obligation only on beit din and if so, which court; or perhaps classical halacha rejects this ruling of Maimonides.[72]
(2) When a Noachide will violate these rules no matter what posture Jews take, may Jews assist in the sin or at the least must a Jew decline to assist in a violation of Noachide laws.
(3) Is there an obligation to induce or persuade a Noachide to comply with the Noachide laws, or even to teach Noachides about their obligations, or (if there is an obligation) is it limited to the obligation to coerce (lekof).
Indeed, the answer to each of these three inter-related questions is in dispute, and each of these disputes is quite central to many of the issues raised in this paper.


1. The Obligation to Compel Observance   [RETURN TO TABLE OF CONTENTS]

A. Maimonides' Approach   [RETURN TO TABLE OF CONTENTS]

A simple reading of the rules of Maimonides' would indicate that Jews or a Jewish court are obligated in (at the minimum) coercing Noachides to observe their laws. Such is not the only way, however, to interpret Maimonides' statements. Maharatz Chayut in his responsa[73] seems to adopt a formulation of Maimonides ruling that makes this law a mere historical recounting of facts. He states (quoting the Rashbash[74]):
Sanhedren 56b recounts that the Jews were commanded in ten commandments at Marah[75]; these ten commandments were the seven laws of Noah, the Sabbath laws, dinim, and respect for one's parents. Why did the Jews need to be commanded again [on the seven Noachide laws] since Jews were already commanded from the time of Adam and Noah...Since we conclude that commandments that were given prior to Sinai to Noachides, and not repeated at Sinai, are obligatory only for Jews, the seven commandments had to be repeated at Sinai to obligate Noachides.

Titus 1:

10: For there are many unruly and vain talkers and deceivers, specially they of the circumcision:
11: Whose mouths must be stopped, who subvert whole houses, teaching things which they ought not, for filthy lucre's sake.
12: One of themselves, even a prophet of their own, said, The
Cretians are alway liars, evil beasts, slow bellies.
13: This witness is true.
Wherefore rebuke them sharply, that they may be sound in the faith;
14:
Not giving heed to Jewish fables, and commandments of men, that turn from the truth.
15: Unto the pure all things are pure: but unto them that are defiled and unbelieving is nothing pure; but even their mind and conscience is defiled.
16: They profess that they know God; but in works they deny him, being abominable, and disobedient, and unto every good work reprobate.

 

[76] Based on this Rashbash, the assertion of Maimonides that "Moses, our teacher, only willed Torah and mitzvot to the Jewish people, since it states 'An inheritance to the community of Jacob.'"

Jn:5:46: For had ye believed Moses, ye would have believed me: for he wrote of me.

 

 ...[77] and his assertion that 'Moses our teacher was commanded by God to compel the commandments obligatory to the children of Noah' appear logical.

Mk:7:9: And he said unto them, Full well ye reject the commandment of God, that ye may keep your own tradition.

Mk:7:13: Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition, which ye have delivered: and many such like things do ye.

 Why was Moses also the messenger to the rest of the world to compel observance of the seven commandments, perhaps they are obligated by Adam or Noach? Rather we see that Moses being commanded at Marah on the seven Noachide commandments, even though Gentiles were already commanded, was done to make Noachides obligated in the mitzvot even now.

Thus, according to Maharatz Chayut, there is no obligation for any specific Jew, in any circumstance to compel observance by a Noachide. Rather Maimonides is merely explaining the jurisprudential basis for the obligation of Noachides to their seven commandments -- absent Moses' re-commandment at Sinai, only Jews would have been obligated in Noachide law. The most that one could claim according to Maharatz Chayut is that perhaps Moses himself was obligated to compel observance of the Noachide laws; Jews currently are not -- apparently neither in the context of a beit din nor in the context of any specific individual. Maharatz Chayut would then limit Maimonides' rule obligating Jews to establish courts and appoint judges to those Noachides who formally accept the obligations of a ger toshav (resident alien) and who live in the Jewish community and who are dependent on it for law and order "lest the world be destroyed".[78] 

Hjr 104, PL 102-14

Whereas these ethical values and principles have been the bedrock of society from the dawn of civilization, when they were known as the Seven Noahide Laws;

Whereas without these ethical values and principles the edifice of civilization stands in serious peril of returning to chaos;

Treason and Blasphemy

Certainly in the diaspora there are few such communities of Noachides;[79] although if there were, and they could not see fit to enforce the law themselves, a Jew should guide them.[80] Similar claims that Maimonides' rules do not create a practical legal obligation can be found in Aruch Hashulchan,[81] the writings of Rabbi Yehuda Gershuni,[82] Rabbi Shaul Yisrali[83] and Rabbi Menachem Mendel Kasher,[84] the author of Torah Shelama, all of whom assert that the opinion of Maimonides itself is to be understood as limited to yemot hamashe'ach (or perhaps less ideally, full Jewish law in Israel).

However, all of these explanations of Maimonides' ruling are difficult and the simple understanding of Maimonides is that (at the least) a person that is capable of forcing compliance, must. Indeed, while Rabbi Karo does appear to limit the application of Maimonides somewhat, he clearly understands Maimonides as requiring compulsion whenever possible, even by an individual.[85] This is similarly understood to be the opinion of Maimonides by Tzafnach Panaich, in his lengthy discussion on this topic.[86] A ruling similar to Maimonides' is found in Chinuch 192, where it states:

The rule is as follows: In all that the nations are commanded, any time they are under our jurisdiction, it is incumbent upon us to judge them when they violate the commandments.

B. The Approach of Ravad, Nachmanides, Tosafot and others   [RETURN TO TABLE OF CONTENTS]

A large number of rishonim appear simply to disagree with the opinion of Maimonides, and rule that there is no obligation upon an individual Jew to impose Noachide rules on Gentiles. Included in this group is at least Ravad, Nachmanides, Tosafot and perhaps Rashi and Rashba. Ravad, in disagreeing with the rulings of Maimonides that a slave who refuses to accept one of the seven commandments ought to be killed states[87] "the slave should be sold. We cannot, now, kill a person." While one could understand this assertion as merely practical,[88] it is more likely that Ravad is limiting the juridical power of the Jewish community in punishing Noachides for violations of the Noachide code.[89] Under this analysis, it would, according to Ravad, take an authorized beit din (Jewish court) of 23 functioning when the Sanhedren is legally empowered to impose capital punishment, to kill for violations of the Noachide code.[90] 

The Beit Din is set up now in jerusalem and under the Sanhedrin of the seventy

Mt:10:17: But beware of men: for they will deliver you up to the councils, and they will scourge you in their synagogues;

Mk:13:9: But take heed to yourselves: for they shall deliver you up to councils; and in the synagogues ye shall be beaten: and ye shall be brought before rulers and kings for my sake, for a testimony against them.

Thus Ravad disagrees with Maimonides, and at least limits the obligation of Jews to impose law on Noachides to situations that do not now (and will not in the pre-messianic era) exist.

Not until the ten kings of the seventy ancients of abomination "reveal" their Moshiach ben satan

 

http://www.dafyomi.co.il/yevamos/insites/ye-dt-109.htm

THE VILNA GA'ON (ibid.) supports Rashi's interpretation. He explains that when Sanhedrin sat, ten (of the most important members) sat in the middle of the group, and they were surrounded by the other sixty. These are the "sixty mighty men *around* the bed of Shlomo. (The ten in the middle correspond to the seven "Ro'ei Pnei ha'Melech" and three "Shomrei ha'Saf," who are closest to the king, in a king's court -- and in the king of king's court -- see Megilah 23a. The verse in II Melachem 25:19, which associates these authoritative members of the king's court with sixty other men, is discussing the members of the Sanhedrin.


Proof that this is in fact the approach of Ravad can be derived from his ruling in Malachim 6:1 which allows the
subjugation of Noachides to a Jewish nation in war time without the imposition of observance of the Noachide commandments, as Maimonides requires.[91] This would make the positions of Maimonides and Ravad, in their writings in Milah and Malachim consistent on this issue.

Bush their "War Perpetual Purim, President"

Similarly, Nachmanides agrees with Ravad and does not require the imposition of the Noachide commandments as part of a negotiated peace between Israel and its Noachide neighbors.[92]
He indicates that it is the military goals alone which determine whether peace terms are acceptable. According to Nachmanides, Jewish law would compel the "victor" to accept peace terms which include all of the victors' demands except the imposition of Noachide law on the defeated society; Maimonides would reject that rule and permit war in those circumstances purely to impose these laws on a Gentile society

Iraq, Iran, Syria and any who oppose the shem sham of everlasting Shame, at the hands of this generations MURDERER, Bushitler

This indicates that Nachmanides too does not require the imposition of Noachide law by a Jewish government.[93]

Tosafot[94] also concurs with the rulings of Ravad and Nachmanides and deny that there is any obligation upon even a Jewish government to impose the Noachide commandments on nations under their control.[95] No systemic obligation is present. Rashi, too, perhaps appears to side with Ravad on this issue.[96] Rashba in his responsa also appears to agree.[97]

A similar approach is found in Hagaot Ashrei, which state:

A Noachide, even though he violates the seven Noachide commandments, and his warning is his execution and he does not need formal witnesses and warning, nonetheless every moment prior to his conviction in beit din, he is not liable for the death penalty and it is prohibited to kill him.[98]
This source clearly disagrees with the opinion of Maimonides discussed above and limits the obligation to punish Noachides to beit din.[99] Indeed, it would seem logical that the beit din needed for this punishment is the same type of beit din needed to execute Jews, which has not been extant since prior to the destruction of the Second Temple. This approach would make the comments of Hagaot Ashrei identical with Ravad. Even if this opinion is not accepted, and any regular beit din can function in this role, it is clear that no obligation is imposed upon individual Jews to punish Noachides for violations.

In the two areas where this issue is codified into the halacha, the obligation for Jews to compel observance by Noachides is clearly left out. In the laws relating to keeping slaves, there is an intricate discussion of the rules relating to the circumstances in which a
Jew may keep a Gentile slave who does not undergo (partial) conversion. This matter is fraught with disagreement beyond the scope of this paper.[100] However, one thing is clear: neither Tur, nor Rama[101] nor any of the classical commentaries on Shulchan Aruch[102] quote the obligation to impose Noachide law upon Gentiles living -- either as a conditional slave[103] or as an employee -- in the house of a Jew (and over whom presumably one could have considerable influence).[104] This is true even though the whole area is generally subject to codification,[105] and Tur and Rama do quote and agree with the various other assertions of Maimonides found in Milah 1:6, but yet do not cite this one. Indeed, the notes to Rama clearly indicate that he accepts the rulings of Ravad on this matter.[106] The fact that Maimonides quotes an obligation to compel observance by Noachide slaves which is deleted by the later authorities is indicative that his opinion is not considered binding according to halacha.

[107] So too, in both Tur and Shulchan Aruch[108] when discussing the obligation to save Gentiles who do not observe the Noachide laws from life-threatening dangers, indicate that there is no obligation to punish violators of Noachide rules. For example, Beit Yosef[109] states that there is no obligation (mitzvah) to kill Gentiles who do not obey the Noachide laws; similar sentiments can be found in Tur,[110] Bach[111] and Drisha.[112] (Maimonides, in the sources cited above, clearly rejects this.) Rama, in Darchai Moshe He'Aruch adopts this posture also.[113]
Shulchan Aruch explicitly incorporates this rule.[114] 

See Talmudic Russian ruling against the prosecutor

So too, Shach states "There is no obligation [mitzvah] to kill Gentiles even if they violate the Noachide laws"[115] and Taz agrees with this assertion.[116] This ruling -- not mandating the punishment of Gentiles for violating Noachide law -- stands in clear contrast to the assertion in Shulchan Aruch encouraging and certainly permitting the punishment (and even killing) of one who (is Jewish and) intentionally defies Jewish law.[117] It is thus clear that Shulchan Aruch and the other various commentaries rule (contrary to Maimonides' assertion) that Gentiles need not be punished by Jews for violating Noachide law according to Jewish law.[118] There is no obligation or duty to compel observance of Noachide law by Gentiles.

On the other hand, even these authorities who reject the obligation could accept the assertion of Sefer Ha
Chasidim,[119] that it is a meritorious thing to do which imitates God's conduct towards the Noachides at Ninveh. Absent other factors, it seems obvious that it is laudatory to instruct a Noachide of his obligations, both for reasons mentioned by Rabbi Yehuda Hachasid, for those mentioned by Maimonides in Malachim 10:11 and for those discussed in the Postscript.

Thus, while Maimonides is relatively clear that when possible Jews must impose Noachide law, one could reasonably conclude that the weight of the rishonim and codifiers disagrees with that conclusion and assert that there is no obligation for any individual Jew to compel a Noachide to cease violating the Noachide commandments or that the obligation is limited to messianic
(Moshiach ben satan) 
times or to resident aliens.


2. When a Noachide will Certainly Violate the Law, May Jews Assist in the Violation?   [RETURN TO TABLE OF CONTENTS]

In a situation where, no matter what a Jew or the Jewish tradition says or does, the Gentile will nonetheless perform an action which violates the Noachide code, is there an obligation to withdraw oneself from the situation? If there is an obligation to separate a Noachide from sin -- as mandated by a broad reading of Malachim 8:10 and Milah 1:6 -- certainly one cannot assist him in sin.

Pesachim 22b quotes the following statement of R. Natan:

R. Natan said from where do we know that one may not extend a cup of wine to a Nazir ( of the Nazarene)  nor a limb of a live animal to a ben Noach? The source is from the verse "before a blind person thou shall not put a stumbling block."
Thus it is clear that one may not enable a Noachide to sin. If absent the assistance of a Jew[120] no violation could or would take place, it is a biblical violation of lifnei iver for a Jew to assist a Noachide in violating his law.

However, Avoda Zara 6b quotes R. Natan's statement and limits its application to an instance of trei ibra d'nahara (literally "two sides of a river"). Thus only when the Noachide is on one side of a river and flesh of a living animal is on the other side so that he cannot obtain it on his own, is the one who extends it to him in violation of lifnei iver. On the other hand, if the Noachide and the flesh are on the same side of the river (chad ibra d'nahara), so that he could procure the meat on his own, then the person who gives it to him is not in violation of lifnei iver. The assumption is that the prohibition will be violated in any case and the assistance does not enable the sin.

How they will snare any who oppose them and their shemsham

This discussion relates only to the biblical prohibition called lifnei iver; however, is there a rabbinic prohibition to assist a Noachide in violating his seven commandments even when he can violate them independent of the helper? This issue is a crucial one, for it addresses whether there is a general obligation to separate a Noachide from sin (lehafresh ben noach ma'issur). It is impossible to accept Maimonides' opinion that Jews must compel observance of the Noachide laws and simultaneously rule that one need not separate a Noachide from sin.[121]

Two schools of thought seem to exist. The first position is taken by Tosafot, Mordechai, Rama and Shach each of whom accepts that when one is not in a "two sides of the river" situation, there is no prohibition associated with assisting a Noachide who sins.[122] Rama states that there are those who rule that it is only prohibited to sell Noachides supplies used for their idol worship when others will not supply them; however, when others can supply them, there is no prohibition. He concludes by adding "The tradition is in accordance with this opinion; pious people (literally: spiritual people) should conduct themselves in accordance with the stricter opinion".

Shach states this even more clearly:

In my humble opinion, all authorities agree with the opinion of Tosafot and Mordechai that it is permissible to aid a Noachide ... [All those] who argue are discussing the case of a Jew whom one is obligated to separate from sin . . Such is not the case for a Noachide ...[123] whom we are not obligated to separate from sin.[124]
This ruling has a significant impact on the issue of the Jew's obligation to prevent a Noachide from violating his seven commandments. Essentially, this school of thought accepts that once one cannot actually prevent the violation from occurring, there is no obligation to dissuade or convince a Noachide from violating the law. Indeed, one may actively assist him by providing him with things that he can otherwise acquire on his own.

This approach -- which rules that there is no obligation to prevent sinning by a Noachide or convince a Noachide to cease sinning -- is accepted by nearly all authorities, including Magen Avraham,[125] Gra,[126] Levush,[127] Beit Shmuel,[128] Machatsit HaShekel,[129] Dagul Merevavah,[130] and Berchai Yosef.[131] Indeed, it is important to realize that a number of authorities reach the conclusion that it is permitted to assist a Noachide while prohibited to assist an unobservant Jew. This is based on their observation that there is no obligation to separate a Noachide from sinning.[132] (The precise rationale to distinguish between an unobservant Jew and a Noachide is beyond the scope of this paper.)[133]

While this author has seen no authority explicitly attempt to harmonize these rulings with Maimonides' ruling cited above,[134] one could easily do so by limiting Maimonides' ruling to a situation where one literally can compel observance of the law, which would then make the situation a "two side of the river case." That would argue that the word "to compel" (lekof) used by Maimonides should be limited to just that situation.[135] Equally interesting, many of those rishonim who clearly argue with Maimonides concerning the obligation to enforce Noachide law discussed in section III, also clearly aver that there is no obligation to separate a Noachide from sin.[136] Their position too is consistent. Indeed, this author would note that any authority who rules that a Jew may assist a Noachide in a violation of the Noachide rules (when the Noachide can do the violation without the Jew's assistance) must rule that there is no obligation upon any particular Jew to convince a Noachide to obey the commandments.[137]

it will bring about a jews accusation against any who oppose him, by this method of false witness of their snare

The second position is taken by Rabennu Nissim ("RaN"). RaN states that there is a separate rabbinic prohibition, called mesaya yedai overai averah (literally: "aiding the hand of those who sin") to assist a person -- Jew or Noachide -- in sin even in situations where the person can do the sin without the help of another.[138] While many authorities accept the opinion of the RaN concerning a Jew who is generally not observant,[139] as noted above this opinion essentially is rejected in Jewish law[140] concerning a Noachide -- the classical exception being a lone Tashbetz who rules that it is halachically prohibited to assist a Noachide in sin, since Jews are obligated to separate Noachides from sin.[141]

According to RaN's approach, Maimonides' ruling, cited above, could be understood in two different ways. In situations where a Jew can literally compel observance of the law, that would be a biblical
(Babylical of Babble)
obligation. In situations where compulsion would not work, there would be a rabbinic obligation at least not to assist. This position is neutral on the proper understanding of Malachim 8:10 (which appears to compel observance), as even if there is no obligation to compel observance, one could readily imagine the Sages prohibiting actually assisting in a violation, even if there is no obligation to deter the sin. If one accepts Maimonides in Malachim 8:10, one must at the minimum accept RaN's rule.

Maimonides, himself, however appears to be completely consistent. Maimonides appears to rule that one may never aid a person who is attempting to violate the law -- Jew or Noachide -- even if, when one declines to aid him, another will do so. This is true whether or not the next person who aids him is also obligated to observe the law. Thus, his position rejects the approach taken in Avoda Zara 6b and makes no distinction between one or two sides of the river.[142] Maimonides' position is thus completely consistent. He prohibits assisting another in sin in all situations, and compels both Jews and Noachides actively to prevent others from violating Noachide law.[143]


3. The Responsa of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson   [RETURN TO TABLE OF CONTENTS]

Here is the Talmudic Responsa of TREASON TREASON TREASON

H.J.Res.104--

H.J.Res.104

One Hundred Second Congress of the United States of America

AT THE FIRST SESSION

Begun and held at the City of Washington on Thursday, the third day of January,

one thousand nine hundred and ninety-one

Joint Resolution

To designate March 26, 1991, as `Education Day, U.S.A.'.

Whereas Congress recognizes the historical tradition of ethical values and principles which are the basis of civilized society and upon which our great Nation was founded;

Whereas these ethical values and principles have been the bedrock of society from the dawn of civilization, when they were known as the Seven Noahide Laws;

Whereas without these ethical values and principles the edifice of civilization stands in serious peril of returning to chaos;

Whereas society is profoundly concerned with the recent weakening of these principles that has resulted in crises that beleaguer and threaten the fabric of civilized society;

Whereas the justified preoccupation with these crises must not let the citizens of this Nation lose sight of their responsibility to transmit these historical ethical values from our distinguished past to the generations of the future;

Whereas the Lubavitch movement has fostered and promoted these ethical values and principles throughout the world;

Whereas Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, leader of the Lubavitch movement, is universally respected and revered and his eighty-ninth birthday falls on March 26, 1991;

Whereas in tribute to this great spiritual leader, `the rebbe', this, his ninetieth year will be seen as one of `education and giving', the year in which we turn to education and charity to return the world to the moral and ethical values contained in the Seven Noahide Laws; and

Whereas this will be reflected in an international scroll of honor signed by the President of the United States and other heads of state: Now, therefore, be it

 

    Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That March 26, 1991, the start of the ninetieth year of Rabbi Menachem Schneerson, leader of the worldwide Lubavitch movement, is designated as `Education Day, U.S.A.'. The President is requested to issue a proclamation calling upon the people of the United States to observe such day with appropriate ceremonies and activities.

Speaker of the House of Representatives.

Vice President of the United States and

President of the Senate.

 


When a Jew contemplates violating Jewish law, there is an obligation upon Jews not only to prevent him (physically if necessary and possible) from violating the law, but also there are obligations to teach him or her about the law and to induce or persuade compliance.[144] Indeed, in a post-emancipation society, limiting Jewish sinning rarely is done with coercion and force, and is typically done through persuasion and teaching. As noted above, in this author's opinion, the halacha as generally understood by most authorities rules that there is no obligation to persuade and teach Noachides about the Noachide law. None of the classical commandments designed to deter sinning by Jews (except the biblical prohibition of lifnei iver, which was discussed in part 2 of this section)[145] is generally thought to applicable to Noachides. Thus, there is no obligation of tochacha (to rebuke) a Noachide who sins,[146] there is no notion of arvout (cooperative activity) that compels collective responsibility,[147] and no obligation to separate a Noachide from sin.

One modern responsa stands out as advocating an approach completely different from that generally accepted by Jewish law. The strongest case that a Jew is obligated to teach and persuade a Gentiles to keep the seven commandments is found in the writings of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson of Lubavitch, in one of his classical responsa.[148] After quoting Maimonides, Malachim 8:10 discussed in part one, Rabbi Schneerson states:

It is obvious that this obligation [found in Maimonides, Malachim 8:10] is not limited only to a Jewish court, since this commandment is unrelated to the presence of a ger toshav (resident alien), and thus what is the need of a beit din. . . . Thus, this obligation is in place in all eras, even the present, when no gera toshav can be accepted and it is obligatory on all individuals who can work towards this goal. So too, this commandment is not limited to using force -- where, in a situation we cannot use force, we could be excused from our obligation -- 

But the Treasonous Congress and the "War presidents" have allowed the use of "FORCE" of their god of forces

since the essence of the obligation is to do all that is in our power to ensure that the seven Noachide commandments are kept; if such can be done through force, or through other means of pleasantness and peace, which means to explain [to Noachides] that they should accept the wishes of God who commanded them in this rules. This is obviously what is intended by Maimonides.

and by your representative, Apostate Amaraka you have accepted the beast and his MARK 

* * *

In Responsa Tashbetz (3:133) it states that even in a case where there is no prohibition of lifnei iver, such as two sides of the river, still it is prohibited to assist Noachides who wish to sin, since "we are obligated to separate them from sin." In reality, we have no source for the obligation to separate a Noachide from sin, if it is not derived from the remarks of Maimonides discussed above [Malachim 8:10] that we are obligated to coerce them into accepting commandments, and thus, of course, we may not assist them in violating them.

Rabbi Schneerson concludes by stating:
From all of the above, it is clear that anyone who has in his ability to influence, in any way, a Noachide to keep the seven commandments, the obligation rests on him to do so, since that was commanded to Moses (Not the Moses of God, but a fabled Talmudic moses) our teacher. Certainly, one who has connections with Noachides in areas of commerce and the like, it is proper for him to sustain the connection in order to convince and explain to that person, in a way that will reach that persons heart that God commanded Noachides to keep the seven commandments...[149]

the god of their mammonizing

In this author's review of the literature, the weight of halachic authority is contrary to this analysis, although it certainly is morally laudatory (all other things being equal) to convince Noachides to keep and observe the Noachide laws. Three proofs can be adduced which indicate that the ruling of Rabbi Schneerson is not accepted by most authorities.[150] First of all, as he himself notes, his position assumes that there is an obligation to separate a Noachide from sin. 

http://www.beismoshiach.org/Moshiach/moshiach341.htm

 

The Rebbe’s Revolution In 5762

Ten years passed. On the one hand, world-wide terror increased. On the other hand, the world continued to progress towards the time of the Rebbe Mendel Menachem Schneerson's revelation. Somehow, the Rebbe arranged it so that Bush’s son would become president too and complete what his father left unfinished.

By Rabbi Naftali Estulin

 

 

As noted in detail in part 2 of this section, nearly all authorities reject that assertion. Second of all, it assumes the halachic correctness of the opinion of Maimonides concerning the general obligation to compel observance by Noachides; this author suspects that the normative halacha is codified in favor of those who disagree with Maimonides and thus rejects the rulings found in Maimonides 8:10.[151] Finally, it assumes that even within the position of Maimonides the obligation to compel observance includes within it the obligation to persuade. No support is advanced to that proposition, and by analogy, one could easily assert that merely because compulsion is mandatory (when possible) to prevent a violation, persuasion need not also be mandatory.[152] In addition, proof that there is no obligation upon any individual Jew to teach Noachides their laws can be found in the many responsa that permit the teaching of Noachides about their laws: these many responsa all permit this activity -- but none rule it obligatory or compulsory.[153]

In addition, this author believes that systemic jurisprudential concerns within halacha for reciprocity (which are constantly present and which are beyond the scope of this paper) mandate symmetry of obligation between Noachide and Jew. Jewish law certainly does not compel Noachides to enforce their legal system on Jews and certainly does not authorize Noachides to punish Jews for violations of Jewish law.[154] To impose an un-reciprocal obligation upon Jews would violate jurisprudential norms found in Jewish law, where systemic obligations to act for the benefit of others is typically only imposed when those others are obligated to do the same were the situation reversed. Noachides are not obligated to enforce Jewish law; Jews thus are not obligated to enforce Noachide law.[155]


V. Conclusion   [RETURN TO TABLE OF CONTENTS]

This article started by reviewing the halachic obligation of Gentiles to obey the Noachide commandments, and concluded that notwithstanding a minority opinion to the contrary, halacha accepts that Gentiles are obligated to keep the Noachide laws, and they are obligated even for unintentional violations. So too, halacha recognizes that Gentiles are obligated to create a system of laws designed to -- at the minimum[156] -- enforce the Noachide laws and punish Noachide[157] violators[158]

and that is exactly what the TREASONOUS Bushwhacker and Chabad Lubavitch cabinet do. What about the oil? they already control the global economy

This article then continued by noting that Maimonides appears to accept that Jews as well as Noachides are obligated to enforce the Noachide laws; however, many authorities, early and late, including Rama, reject this rule of Maimonides and deny that there is a halachic obligation on individual Jews to compel Noachides to observe their laws. Indeed, Rabbi J. David Bleich states without any equivocations "Jews as individuals are not required to secure compliance with the Noachide Code on the part of non-Jews."[159]

Finally this article noted that whether there is (or is not) a halachic obligation to affirmatively enforce the Noachide laws, it is nonetheless still biblically prohibited to enable a Noachide to violate the Noachide laws (if absent a Jew's[160] assistance, the law would not be violated). However, in a situation where the Noachide is able to violate the law without the assistance of any Jew, nearly all authorities rule that there is no obligation to prevent a Noachide from sinning and thus one may even assist the Noachide in sin. Clearly then, classical halacha does not compel a Jew to persuade or entice a Noachide to observe the law. Rama rules that one may assist, but pious people should abstain from this activity. Shach indicates that even pious people need not abstain from this activity. Rama's assertion that pious people should abstain from this activity can be supported both as a minority opinion within halacha, and as the ethical direction of Sefer Hachasidim with which this paper opened.




VI. Postscript   [RETURN TO TABLE OF CONTENTS]

It is the conclusion of this paper that generally halacha sees no technical obligation in most situations -- even as it is morally laudatory -- to insure that Noachides obey their laws. Two observations need to be made.

Initially, as with all issues, the outer parameters of that which is halachically permissible do not establish that which is morally laudatory (or perhaps even halachically encouraged). Thus the words of Perkai Avot need to be quoted:

[Rabbi Akiva] used to say, Humanity is precious since people were created in God's image.

That is not what Akiva of Van Impe Industries has to say, he said MAN which is only jews, for the "Goyim are as lesser animals, and their gawd has given "man" dominion over the lesser animals

The remarks of Tosafot Yom Tov are also relevant. He states:
Rabbi Akiva is speaking about the value of all people...He wished to benefit all people including Noachides...Rabbi Akiva seeks to elevate all inhabitants of the world...
as are the remarks of Rabbi Yehuda Hachasid, with which this paper opened.[161] Indeed, Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik continues the theme of Sefer Hachasidim concerning Ninveh when he states:
There may be an additional reason for Jonah's association with Yom Kippur ... Ninveh was the capital city of pagan Assyria ... It was a country which would later, under Sennacherib in 722 B.C.E. besiege Jerusalem and exile the ten tribes. Yet God's compassion embraces all of humanity ... It is, therefore characteristic of the universal embrace of our faith that as the shadows of dusk descend on Yom Kippur day ... the Jew is alerted ... that all of humanity are God's children. We need to restate the Universal dimension of our faith, especially when we are sorely persecuted and are apt to regard the world in purely confrontational terms.